13 Original American Colonies Birth of the New World 13 Original American Colonies

New England Colonies MR. CaN Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut and New Hampshire

Massachusetts Plymouth Colony 1620 Pilgrims received a charter to settle in America Pilgrims (Separatists) left for religious freedom Mayflower went off course & landed in Plymouth, MA Mayflower Compact –Promised to obey the laws passed “for the general good of the colony” 1st self-government in America

Mayflower Compact In the name of God, Amen. We whose names are [listed below], the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign (authority) Lord, King James, by the grace of God… Having [started], for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do…in the presence of God, and one of another, [promise] and combine our selves together into a civil body politic (government), for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends [mentioned above]; and by virtue hereof to enact (pass), constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the Colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In witness whereof we have hereunder subscribed our names at Cape Cod, the eleventh of November [New Style, November 21], in the year of the reign of our sovereign lord, King James, of England, France, and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini 1620.

Massachusetts Massachusetts Bay 1630 (Boston) Puritans - Protestants who wanted to reform (purify) The Church of England Royal charter to leave for religious freedom to practice their religion without persecution Create a society based on the Bible Town meetings (democratic government ) Only white male church members could vote

New Hampshire 1623 Main town – Portsmouth John Wheelwright Proprietary/ royal colony Wheelwright led a group of nonconformist Puritans from Massachusetts to Exeter, New Hampshire for religious freedom Drew up Exeter Compact-based on Mayflower Compact (self government) Good fishing

Connecticut 1633 – Hartford Thomas Hooker- Puritan minister dissatisfied with MA leadership led his congregation southeast of MA through the wilderness 3 years later a charter joined 3 towns creating Connecticut For more freedom than the Puritans allowed in Massachusetts Bay “The foundation of authority is laid in the free consent of the people." -Thomas Hooker Adopted a governmental plan- Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: 1st constitution in America

Fundamental Orders of CT Forasmuch as it has pleased Almighty God by the wise [character] of His Divine Providence (His Holy Wisdom) so to order and dispose of things that we, the inhabitants and residents of Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield are now cohabiting and dwelling in and upon the Conectecotte (Connecticut) and the lands thereunto adjoining (touching); and well knowing where a people are gathered together the Word of God requires that, to maintain the peace and union of such a people, there should be an orderly and decent government established according to God, to order and dispose of the affairs of the people at all season as occasion shall require; do therefore associate and [unite] ourselves to be as one public state or commonwealth…As also in our civil (political) affairs to be guided and governed according to such laws, rules, orders, and decrees as shall be made, ordered and decreed, as follows: Laws, Rules, and Orders (examples) 1) …there shall be yearly two general assemblies or courts… 4) …no one person be chosen governor above once in two years…and…be a member of the approved congregation (group)

Rhode Island 1636 –Founded Providence, Rhode Island Founded by Roger Williams Charter after being forced out of Massachusetts For: Religious freedom & toleration Against: taking Native American land Separation of church & state Founded the 1st Baptist Church in America

Middle Colonies 2 New Penns D’ware New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware

New York 1624 – Dutch New Amsterdam (New York City) For excellent trade, the Hudson River, & a good harbor English wanted it & attacked in 1664 A threat to other English trade & settlements Dutch surrendered without a fight Proprietary/Royal Colony Gift to the Duke of York Renamed - New York Diverse Culture: German, Swedish, Dutch, Native American, & African First Jewish in America Fastest growing place in the colonies

New Jersey 1638 founded Trenton Land below New York given by Duke of York to Lord John Berkeley & Sir George Carteret Proprietary /royal colony For land sales Encouraged settlers by: Large tracts of land Freedom of religion Trial by jury A representative assembly Ethnically diverse

Pennsylvania 1682 – Founded Philadelphia (Brotherly love) King gave to William Penn as payment for debt he owed the family --nearly as large as England Proprietary colony For religious freedom for Society of Friends-Quakers Believed in an “inner light” leading to salvation Pacifists Everyone is equal Welcomed different religions & nationalities Treated Natives fairly

Delaware 1638 - settled in Willmington Settled by Swedes Proprietary colony For Swedish trading post 1682 English claimed the land Penn allowed Delaware to have a legislature & work as a separate colony Under authority of Pennsylvania's governor Swedish settlers built 1st log cabins in America

Southern Colonies Virginia Goes 2 C Mary Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Maryland

Maryland 1634 – Main settlement of Baltimore (port city) Lord Baltimore – Catholic Proprietary colony north of VA For a safe place for Catholics Passed Toleration Act –Religious Freedom & toleration Planted tobacco & corn Law - “Every person planting tobacco shall tend 2 acres of corn” Plantations grew bringing slaves & indentured servants Mason-Dixon line- boundary between Maryland & Pennsylvania

Virginia 1607 - Virginia Company of London Chesapeake Bay-Jamestown Royal charter For trade & profit England’s 1st permanent American colony Difficult beginning years Developed high grade tobacco= settlement flourished Slave Labor Created House of Burgesses for more local control-1st representative assembly

Carolinas 1653 –Carolina = Charles’ Land in Latin Founded Charles Town, later called Charleston 8 proprietors created proprietary colony For profit John Locke wrote a constitution Northern territory settled by VA farmers Grew tobacco Sold forest products, i.e. timber & tar Southern more prosperous (Charleston harbor) Grew rice Developed indigo-dye for textiles Used slaves Split in 1670 2 royal colonies by 1729

Founded 50 years after the other 12 Georgia 1733 – founded Savannah James Oglethorpe Proprietary/ Royal Charter for English debtors, poor people, & protection from Spanish Florida Wanted “sober, industrial, & moral persons” Religious freedom--Except Catholics Banned slavery & rum Given to the king in 1751 Founded 50 years after the other 12

13 American Colonies