Japan and Korea Chapter 11 Section 3

Key Terms Archipelago Shinto Prince Shotoku Lady Murasaki Shikibu Koryo Dynasty

Early Japanese Civilization Nippon- land of the rising sun Sits on western edge of the Pacific Ocean.

The Land Thousands of islands Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu Archipelago- large island chain Stretches 1500 miles Lie on the Ring of Fire Zone of volcanoes and earthquakes

The Land Tsunamis- monster waves Typhoons in late summer early autumn Terrain is rugged Small part suitable for farming Most people live in river valleys and coastal plains

The Sea Sea for food and transportation Protected and isolated the island Korea 100 miles away China 400 miles away Japan never invaded until World War II

Early Japan Migrated from Asian mainland Hunters and gatherers Ainu- one of Japan’s earliest cultures Clans and extended families ruled villages Kami- natural spirits people worshipped

Early Japan Shinto- religion is the way of the Kami Everything in nature has a Kami (spirit) No sacred text or structure People build shrines to Kami Torii-red gateway marks entrance

The Yamato Clan Amatrerasu- most revered Kami Japan’s first emperor was a grandson of the sun goddess The emperor belonged to the Yamato clan Other clans gained power , emperor stayed

Foreign Influences on Japan Korean Influences Most originated in China Korean scribes introduced Chinese writing Japanese did not have a written language Adopted Chinese writing

Foreign Influences on Japan Chinese Influences Prince Shokotu - helped spread Buddhism to Japan Shokotu- admired China Sent scholars to learn from China 200 years missionaries went to China under the Tang dynasty

Foreign Influence on Japan Chinese fashions, foods, and tea were popular Japanese adopted Confucian ideas about family Adopted Tang ideas Strong bureaucracy Code of law Japan resisted civil service

Foreign Influence on Japan Japan resisted civil service Nobles held high offices Tang dynasty declines Japan stops mission to China Used what they learned to create their own unique culture and society

The Heian Period 749 capitol moved to Heian (Kyoto) 794-1185 Nobles lived in beautiful palaces Gardening, art, poetry Nobles “dwellers among the clouds”

The Heian Period Rules of etiquette for court, behavior, and dress Women 12 layer gowns Writing letters was an art form Women enjoyed writing and reading

The Heian Period Women produced literature Lady Murasaki Shikibu 1100 wrote Tale of Genji World’s first length novel

The Fujiwaras This family controlled Japan during Heian Rich landowners challenged them

Korea Peninsula south of Asian mainland Open to invasion Both China and Korea would dominate over time Geography Rugged mountains Little agriculture

Early Korea Nomads Formed clans China influenced culture Han dynasty colonized part of Korea Confucianism Chinese writing Buddhism introduced

Early Korea Silla allied with China for control Silla then defeated China in Korea Silla’s rulers paid tribute to China Silla Promoted Buddhism Created central government

The Koryo Dynasty Basis for the word Korea Lasted until 1392 Adopted Chinese ideas But maintained distinct features Koryo adopted civil service Only for nobles

The Koryo Dynasty Culture thrived Celadon- blue green glaze on pottery Carved 80,000 wooded blocks for printing Koreans created movable metal type 1200 Mongols invade 1392 found a new dynasty