Homefront & Mobilization World War 1 1914-1918 Homefront & Mobilization

1. Labor and Industry What - War Industries Board Why - Set production priorities & control over raw materials & prices How - Told business what could and couldn't produce, controlled creation of new factories Who - Bernard Baruch

1. Labor and Industry What - Food Administration Why - Increase food produce and reduce consumption How - Victory Garden, wheatless Monday, Meatless Friday Who - Herbert Hoover

2. Finance What - Liberty Bonds & Victory Gardens Why - Need to raise and save money to cover war expense How - Borrow money by selling bonds that are repaid with interest, sold to the American people as acts of Patriotism In 2yrs raise 33 million

1. Labor and Industry What - National War Labor Board Why - Need to keep all factories running, prevent the disputes that cause strikes How - Arbitartion between workers and union get workers 8 hr days, wages increase. Workers happy = less likely to strike Who - William H. Taft

3. Public Opinion What - Committee of Public Information Why - Need to generate public support for war, get everyone to buy in the programs How - Use propaganda, 4 minute speeches Who - George Creel

4. Civil Liberties What - Espionage and Sedition Why - Targets anti-war sentiments at home How – series of laws Espionage = jail to anyone that aids enemy Sedition = Prohibit anti-war/un-American comments Schenck V US = Free speech limited when represented “clear & present danger”

5. Armed Forces The Selective Service = The DRAFT = forced military service. Conscription. Selective Service Act 1917 males, 21-30 had to register for the military. WWI = 2.8 million drafted, 2 million volunteered

6. Effects on Society Demand for workers, gave minority groups new opportunity: 1. Women (non-combat supporting role) 2. African Americans (factory/fighting) – Great Migration = Af. Ams moved from the South to the North b/c of jobs. 3. Mexican Immigrants = came in to help with farming (especially in Cali)