Chapter 18 America Claims an Empire Global competition prompts the United States to expand its influence and territory engage in conflicts around the globe, and build the Panama Canal.

Section 4 America as a World Power The Russo-Japanese War, the Panama Canal, and the Mexican Revolution add to America’s military and economic power.

Teddy Roosevelt and the World Roosevelt didn’t not want Europeans to control world economy & politics 1904 - Japan & Russia disputed control of Korea (Japanese-Russo War) Roosevelt negotiated Treaty of Portsmouth: - Japan received Manchuria & Korea - Roosevelt won Nobel Peace Prize U.S. & Japan continued diplomatic talks - Pledged to respect each other’s possessions

The Panama Canal U.S. wanted canal to cut travel time of commercial & military ships Colombia controlled the isthmus of Panama (Best Spot) U.S. bought French company’s route through Panama Negotiated with Colombia to build Panama Canal - Talks broke down

The Panama Canal French company agent helped organize Panamanian rebellion - U.S. gave military aid Panama gained independence U.S., Panama sign treaty U.S. paid $10 million for Canal zone

Constructing the Canal Construction of canal is one of world’s greatest engineering feats - fought diseases & geographic obstacles - at height, 43,400 workers employed 5000 workers died Finished in 1914 Canal cost $352 million dollars

Policing the Hemisphere Roosevelt wanted it made clear that the U.S was the leading power in the Americas - Speak softly and carry a big stick" Roosevelt reminded Europe about the Monroe Doctrine - It said that the U.S would police the western hemisphere Added the Roosevelt Corollary - added to the Monroe Doctrine - Said that if a situation arose that required international police power the U.S. would do the job

Policing the Hemisphere Later presidents expanded Roosevelt's" Big Stick Diplomacy" - Encouraged U.S. companies to invest in Latin America - Promised military support

U.S. involvement in Latin America Business leaders realized they could by products cheaply in Latin America and sell them in the U.S. (coffee, bananas, and copper) Bought large tracts of land - Many people lost their land and were forced to take low paying jobs

Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy Missionary diplomacy - U.S. had moral responsibility: - would not recognize regimes that are oppressive, undemocratic A lot of U.S. investment in Mexico under dictator Porfirio Díaz, 1911, peasants & workers led by Francisco Madero overthrew Díaz (Mexican Revolution) General Victoriano Huerta took over government & Madero was murdered Wilson refused to recognize Huerta’s government

Intervention in Mexico Huerta’s officers arrested U.S. sailors & quickly release them Wilson ordered Marines to occupy Veracruz Argentina, Brazil, & Chile mediated to avoid war Huerta regime falls & nationalist Venustiano Carranza became new president

Rebellion in Mexico Francisco “Pancho” & Villa, Emiliano Zapata opposed Carranza - Zapata wanted land reform - Villa was a fierce nationalist Wilson recognizes Carranza’s government Villa threatened reprisals - Villa’s men killed Americans

Chasing Villa Brig. Gen. John J. Pershing led forces to capture Villa Carranza demanded withdrawal of U.S. troops - Wilson refuses at first U.S. faced war in Europe & wants peace on southern border (WWI) - Wilson ordered Pershing home Mexico adopted new constitution: - Government controls oil, minerals - restricted foreign investors