Grudgeball Final Exam Review

What is the difference between these two diagrams with respect to tides?

A is showing neap tides which are weaker than usual B is showing spring tides which are stronger tides, severe low and high

Describe the inversely proportional relationship between wavelength and frequency within the electromagnetic spectrum.

As wavelength increases, frequency decreases

How do we know that the universe is expanding?

Redshift- the light reflected from objects moving away from us emit red light, the frequency is low and long wavelengths

What is barycenter?

is the center of mass of two or more bodies that are orbiting each other, or the point around which they both orbit

Solar winds from the sun travel to Earth and are reflected from Earth’s , which can be seen from Earth through the .

Magnetic Field Auroras

1.) Alfred Wegner’s Theory of 2.) Harry Hess’s Theory of

1.) Alfred Wegner’s Theory of Continental Drift 2.) Harry Hess’s Theory of Seafloor Spreading

B A C

A.) Metamorphic Rock B.) Igneous Rock C.) Sedimentary Rock

? Rock Cycle Igneous Rocks “Fire-Formed Rocks” (Ignis=fire) Cooling rates influence the texture Quick cooling = grains Slow cooling = grains Classified by: Texture – Chemical Composition - ?

Quick= Fine Slow= Coarse

? What does viscosity mean?

- A substances resistance to move - Consistency of thick and sticky semifluid

? This feature formed after a violent volcanic eruption

Caldera

How is metamorphic rock classified?

Foliated and Non-foliated

What happens to sedimentary rock during the process of lithification?

Compaction and cementation

? Explain the other processes in order leading up to the formation of sedimentary rock

/BURIAL

What type of weathering?

Frost Wedging

What type of erosion is shown in the picture? ?

Wind Erosion

What type of weathering is shown in the picture?

Exfoliation

What is being shown in the picture?

Tectonic Plates

? What was Alfred Wegner’s proposal about the supercontinent, Pangea, called?

Theory of Continental Drift

What evidence supported the Theory of Continental Drift?

1. ) Pangea 2. ) Continental Puzzle Pieces 3 1.) Pangea 2.) Continental Puzzle Pieces 3.) Distribution of Fossils 4.) Mountain Ranges 5.) Sequence of Rock Layers

What does seafloor spreading and a magnetometer have in common?

1. ) magnetic field 2. ) iron deposits 3 1.) magnetic field 2.) iron deposits 3.) underwater mountain ranges/ ocean ridges

What type of plate boundary do Mid-ocean Ridges and Rift Valleys form?

Divergent Plate Boundary

What is being shown in an isochron map?

Ages of different seafloor

What is a difference between oceanic and continental crust?

Oceanic- dark, dense basalt rock/ made of silicates, iron and magnesium Continental- light, low density rock/ made entirely of silicates

What is occurring in the mantle?

Convection currents Hot less dense magma rises, and Cool more dense magma sinks

Explain what is happening along this curve?

1.) Elastic deformations occur when stress does not exceed the elastic limit and strain is reversible 2.) Permanent deformations occur when stress exceeds the limit. 3.) If stress continues the rock will break, known as failure.

What type of plate boundary is associated with each type of fault? 1.) 2.) 3.)

1. ) Reverse fault= Convergent 2. ) Normal fault= Divergent 3 1.) Reverse fault= Convergent 2.) Normal fault= Divergent 3.) Strike-slip fault= Transform

? P-wave vs. S-wave

P-wave- fastest, compression & expansion, travel through solids, liquids, or gases S-waves- slower, travel through solids only, move perpendicular to movement

? Interpret this graph?

Time-distance graph Shows average travel time for P- and S-waves, distance to epicenter is further with a longer P-S time interval

What is being shown in this picture?

Triangulation- locating the epicenter

What are the three different types of volcanoes?

? High viscosity and large amounts of gas will result in what type of volcanic eruption?

Explosive Eruption

What is being shown at each of the three arrows?

Top= dissolved load Middle= Suspended Load Bottom= Bed Load

What is being shown pictured below?

A. ) Deposition at point bar, minimum velocity B A.) Deposition at point bar, minimum velocity B.) Erosion at cut bank, maximum velocity

What is the difference between delta and alluvial fan?

Delta= triangular shape deposit, river/stream entering a larger body of water, little change in slope Alluvial Fan= fan shape deposit, steep mountain slope entering shallow water

What are the three geographic regions of North Carolina?

What stream velocity range would it take to move sand?

25-50 cm/sec

What is the range of cobble sizes?

6.4-25.6 cm

? What is the difference between these aquifers with respect to pollution?

The unconfined aquifer will be polluted because there is not a barrier protecting the water source

What is happening to the water table due to over pumping of the aquifer?

Cone of Depression

What is being shown in this picture? What is the main cause of this occurrence?

Ground Subsidence due to over pumping of a well

What process of the water cycle converts solid ice into water vapor?

Sublimation

What process of the water cycle converts water into water vapor through tiny pores in the leaves of plants?

Transpiration