Earth’s Materials and Processes-Part 7 Rocks and the Rock Cycle

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Presentation transcript:

Earth’s Materials and Processes-Part 7 Rocks and the Rock Cycle

Rocks An aggregate of one or more minerals; or a body of differentiated mineral matter (ex: obsidian); or of solid organic matter (ex: coal). Appearance controlled by composition, size, and arrangement of aggregate grains (texture).

Rock Types Igneous: form by solidification of molten rock (magma). Sedimentary: form by lithification of sediment (sand, silt, clay, shells). Metamorphic: form by transformations of preexisting rocks (in the solid state).

Igneous Rocks Can be intrusive or extrusive.

Igneous Intrusive Rocks Form within the Earth Slow cooling Interlocking large Crystals Ex: Granite

Igneous Extrusive Rocks Form on the surface of the Earth as a result of volcanic eruption. Rapid cooling Glassy or fine-grained texture Ex: Basalt

Igneous Intrusive vs. Extrusive

Sedimentary Rocks Sediment produced by weathering and erosion or by precipitation from solution. Clastic sediments are derived from the physical deposition of particles produced by weathering and erosion of preexisting rock. Chemical and biochemical sediments are precipitated from solution.

Clastic Chemical/Biochemical

Lithificaton The process that converts sediments into solid rock. Compaction Cementation

Metamorphic Rock Regional Metamorphism: metamorphism affecting rocks over an extensive area as a result of the large-scale action of heat and pressure. Contact Metamorphism: metamorphism due to contact with or proximity to an igneous intrusion.

Examples Conglomerate Metaconglomerate

The Rock Cycle The rock cycle is a model that describes the formation, breakdown, and reformation of a rock as a result of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic processes.

The Rock Cycle