Discussion Outline

Cells of the Immune System

Innate Immunity

Receptors on T and B Cells Are Specific for Each Antigen

Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems

Antigen Presentation

Adaptive Immunity

Function of the Immune System

Tumor Escape Mechanisms

Risk for Malignancies Is Higher in Immunosuppressed Patients With Organ Transplants Compared With in Healthy Individuals*

Cancer and Immunoediting

Antigen Presentation and T-Cell Priming

Reasons for Failed Vaccine Studies

Tumor Antigens

Dual Role of the Immune System in Cancer

Chimeric Antigen-Receptor T Cells for Lymphoma

Multiple Costimulatory and Inhibitory Interactions Regulate T-Cell Responses

CTLA-4: Negatively Modulates the Immune Response

Phase 3 Trial of Ipilimumab in Melanoma

Progression-Free Survival in Patients Receiving Ipilimumab for Lung Cancer

Immune Checkpoints Regulate the Immune System

Phase 1 Study: Activity of Nivolumab

Targeted Agents Against Immune Checkpoint Pathways

Antibodies to Tumor-Expressing Antigens

Measuring Response With Immune Therapies

Future Objectives

Nivolumab + Ipilimumab in Patients With Advanced Melanoma

Combination Studies of Checkpoint Inhibitors

Conclusions

Abbreviations

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