Starting the computer. Every day we are using an operating system and most specifically a Windows operating system but most of us are not aware of the.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
System Setup CGS2564. What Happens When You Start up a Computer? BIOS Basic Input Output System A set of programs stored in ROM Contain instructions on.
Advertisements

The Operating System. What is an Operating System? The program that is loaded first and manages the hardware resources like main memory, backing storage.
Genesis: from raw hardware to processes System booting sequence: how does a machine come into life.
Windows Vista Boot process. All the computer running Windows vista have the same start up sequence: Power-on self test (POST) phase Initial startup phase.
Linux can be generally divided into four major components: 1. KERNEL – OS, ultimate boss The kernel is the core program that runs programs and manages.
DIT314 ~ Client Operating System & Administration CHAPTER 4 CONFIGURING HARDWARE DEVICES AND STARTUP PROCESS Prepared By : Suraya Alias.
计算机系 信息处理实验室 Lecture 5 Startup and Shutdown
BACS 371 Computer Forensics
Chapter 3 Understanding the Boot Process and Command Line.
Troubleshooting Windows. Failure to boot Is it hardware (OS not found)? Hard drive failure Is the system powered on? Is the power supply OK? Is the system.
MCDST : Supporting Users and Troubleshooting a Microsoft Windows XP Operating System Chapter 4: Troubleshoot System Startup and User Logon Problems.
Computers Are Your Future © 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Excerpts for V New York University.
11 INSTALLING WINDOWS XP Chapter 2. Chapter 2: Installing Windows XP2 INSTALLING WINDOWS XP  Prepare a computer for the installation of Microsoft Windows.
1 CMOS Configuration Chip. 1 Jumpers 1 Software n The intelligence of the computer n Computer programs, or instructions to perform a specific task n.
Computers Are Your Future Chapter 4 Computers Are Your Future © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
1 DOS with Windows 3.1 and 3.11 Operating Environments n Designed to allow applications to have a graphical interface DOS runs in the background as the.
 Contents 1.Introduction about operating system. 2. What is 32 bit and 64 bit operating system. 3. File systems. 4. Minimum requirement for Windows 7.
LECTURE 14 Operating Systems and Utility Programs
Operating systems.
Operating Systems What do you have left on your computer after you strip away all of the games and application programs you bought and installed? Name.
IT Essentials: PC Hardware and Software 1 Chapter 7 Windows NT/2000/XP Operating Systems.
Overview Introduction to Windows NT Workstation 4.0. Installing Windows NT Workstation 4.0. Customizing and managing NT Workstation 4.0. Managing Windows.
Host and Application Security Lesson 4: The Win32 Boot Process.
Computer Startup Sequence Overview
Basic Input Output System
COMPUTER MANAGEMENT. System start-up Before switching on a computer, make sure that all the components are properly connected. The computer must be connected.
Linux Booting Procedure
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING CHAPTER NO. 03. Operating Systems and Utility Programs Functions of Operating Systems Types of Operating Systems (Standalone.
A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC Fifth Edition Chapter 14 Managing and Troubleshooting Windows 2000.
Computer and Information Science Computer Software Computer Software Chapter 1.2.
University of Management & Technology 1 Operating Systems & Utility Programs.
What is system software and what are its parts? Programs that control operation of computer Two parts are operating systems utility programs.
Guide to Linux Installation and Administration, 2e1 Chapter 2 Planning Your System.
A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC Fifth Edition Chapter 13 Understanding and Installing Windows 2000 and Windows NT.
14 Step-by-Step Instructions for an Upgrade Installation n Prepare for the installation Verify that all devices and applications are Windows 2000 compatible.
The Operating System ICS3M.  The operating system (OS) provides a consistent environment for other software programs to execute commands.  It gives.
Chapter Thirteen Booting Windows XP. Objectives Understand the Windows XP boot process Understand the Windows XP boot process Troubleshoot system restoration.
A.Abhari CPS1251 Topic 1: Introduction to Computers Computer Hardware Computer components Connecting Computers Computer Software Operating System (OS)
CSC190 Introduction to Computing Operating Systems and Utility Programs.
Copyright © Genetic Computer School 2008 Computer Systems Architecture SA 8- 0 Lesson 8 Secondary Management.
POST and The Boot Process
 Contents 1.Introduction about operating system. 2. Minimum requirement for Windows 7 operating system. 3. Procedure to install Window 7 operating system.
Computer Technician POST and The Boot Process ©UNT in Partnership with TEA1.
NON STANDARD HARDWARE By the end of this lesson you will be able to: 1. Identify non standard computer hardware 2. Understand ACRONYMS used to describe.
2.1 :Input Output Control System. Learning Outcomes Distinguish between Directory Management and Disk Space Management Identify the primary function perform.
IT Chapter 2 Part A How Computers Work Input, process, output, and storage The operating system helps the computer perform four basic operations,
Tech Level Cyber Security
Chapter Objectives In this chapter, you will learn:
Operating System Review
Memory Key Revision Points.
Computers Are Your Future Twelfth Edition
Computer Software.
TOPIC 6: SYSTEM START-UP AND CONFIGURATION
Structure of Unix OS.
Files Used in the Boot Process
Computer System Structures
Under the Windows Desktop
Computers Are Your Future Twelfth Edition
CONFIGURING HARDWARE DEVICE & START UP PROCESS
Operating System Review
Computers Are Your Future Twelfth Edition
Computers Are Your Future
Device management How does the operating system manage the hardware and peripheral devices? Device Driver: Each device is attached to your computer with.
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop Administration
Modern PC operating systems
Computer Startup.
Computers Are Your Future Twelfth Edition
TPM, UEFI, Trusted Boot, Secure Boot
WINDOW 7 INSTALLATION Prepared By:- Mr. Pawan Kumar
Presentation transcript:

Starting the computer. Every day we are using an operating system and most specifically a Windows operating system but most of us are not aware of the process or procedures involved in the starting of Windows. Here we are going to learn the step by step processes involved in the booting procedure of a Windows operating system. What is booting? Booting is just the process of starting or resetting the computer. There are two types of booting:

cold booting :is the booting process happening when we first turn on computer. warm booting: is the processes happening when we reset the computer. During the booting process the computer loads the operating system to its memory and prepares it for use. Booting procedure of Windows operating system Functions of BIOS The first process starting when you turn on your computer is BIOS i.e., Basic Input Output System. BIOS has two functions, to conduct POST and read MBR.

POST( Power On Self Test) POST checks all the hardware devices connected to a computer like RAM, hard disk etc and make sure that the system can run smoothly with those hardware devices. If the POST is a failure the system halts with a beep sound. (POST beep codes) Now BIOS checks the boot priority. We can set the boot priority as CD drive, hard disk or floppy drive. MBR - The next duty of BIOS is to read the MBR. MBR stands for Master Boot Record and its the first sector on a hard disk. MBR contains the partition table and boot loader. Functions of Boot loader Now BIOS has passed the control to boot loader and boot loader is a small program which loads kernel to computers memory.

any arguments to kernal, so those arguments are Actually there are two stages of boot loaders, stage 1 boot loader: MBR contains the stage 1 boot loader and stage 1 boot loader is a link to the stage 2 boot loader. stage 2 boot loader: The stage 2 boot loader resides in the boot partition and it loads the kernel to memory. Boot files and functions There are three boot files in a Windows operating system. NTLDR (NT Loader): its the second stage boot loader. Boot.ini: it contains the configuration files of NTLDR. When the operating system is loaded we cannot pass any arguments to kernal, so those arguments are passed through boot.ini.

NTDETECT.COM: IT detect hardware's and passes information to NTLDR. Using the collected information the NTLDR creates a hardware key and this key is used to detect hardware's. A new hardware key is generated after each reboot of the operating system and that's why system asks to reboot after installation of a new hardware. The hardware keys created by NTLDR can be found in Windows registry at HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE -> HARDWARES. Kernel and its functions After executing the functions of boot files the control is passed to Kernel. ntoskrnal.exe is the kernel file in a Windows machine and its path is C:\Windows\system 32\ntoskrnal.exe.

Kernel acts as a layer between software and hardware. The library file hal.dll (C;\Windows\system32\hal.dll) helps Kernel to interact with hardware's. HAL stands for Hardware Abstraction Layer and this hal.dll file is machine specific. Now the drivers for hardware's are loaded from the file C:\Windows\system32\config\system and the Kernel is loaded to primary memory. Services and log in procedure When kernel is loaded in the primary memory, services for each process is started and the registry entry for those services can be found at HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE - System - Current control set - Services. Winlogon.exe (C:\Windows\system32\winlogon.exe) is the last service started during this process.

Winlogon. exe starts the log in procedures of windows machine Winlogon.exe starts the log in procedures of windows machine. It first calls the library file msgina.dll (C:\Windows\system32\msgina.dll). MSGINA stands for Microsoft Graphics Identification and Authentication and it provides the log in window. Now msginal.dll passes the control to LSA (Local Security Authority), it verifies the username and password from the SAM file. SAM (Security Accounts Manager) contains the information about all users created in a Windows operating system. Now the booting procedure is over and we have reached the desktop of Windows operating system.

Introducing Operating Systems An operating system (OS) is software that controls a computer. Function 1. Provide a user interface Performing housekeeping procedures requested by the user, often concerning secondary storage devices, such as reorganizing a hard drive, deleting files, copying files, and changing the system date. Providing a way for the user to manage the desktop, hardware, applications, and data. Function 2. Manage files Managing files on hard drives, DVD drives, CD drives, floppy drives, and other drives. Creating, storing, retrieving, deleting, and moving files.

Function 3. Manage hardware Managing the BIOS (programs permanently stored on hardware devices) Managing memory, which is a temporary place to store data and instructions as they are being processed Diagnosing problems with software and hardware Interfacing between hardware and software (that is, interpreting application software needs to the hardware and interpreting hardware needs to Function 4. Manage applications application software) Installing and uninstalling applications Running applications and managing the interface to the hardware on behalf of an application