Limits and Opportunities Ch 4 Sect.1 Limits and Opportunities

Making a Living Agriculture Started about 10,000 years ago Surplus food led to specialization Specialization led to civilization Villages and towns developed along trade routes About half world’s people still farm

Making a Living Traditional agriculture – subsistence farming Growing only enough to survive

Making a Living Modern agriculture – commercial farming Specializing in crops or livestock to sell

Industry a business that produces goods or services Industrialized country – produce great quantities of goods and services and employ many workers in industry Use science to improve their technology and build a well-developed and diverse economy

Non-industrialized countries – many call them developing countries Should be accurately referred to as non-industrialized or Economies in Transition (frm. USSR) Populations increase rapidly Mostly rural Have poor distribution of income, clothing, and housing Largely a result of ineffective government officials and programs like education system

Population Growth and Distribution Currently at 6.5 billion based on birth rate and death rate difference between two is called rate of natural increase if equal – no growth found in many industrialized countries

Population Growth In less industrialized countries Birth rates are high Death rates have decreased due to modern medicine and improved health and living conditions Difficulty providing enough food for increasing numbers Concern over increasing consumption of non-renewable resources in their countries Reason why US does not participate in Kyoto Protocol by UN

Population distribution also known as population pattern uneven all over world three reasons for areas with dense population fertile soil adequate water supply favorable climate

Population density average number of people per square mile/km varies widely Canada = 9 ppl/sq. mi Bangladesh = 2,454 ppl/sq. mi