Organic Molecules: HONC PS

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Presentation transcript:

Organic Molecules: HONC PS So far we have identified three of the four major classes of molecules in living things: proteins and their subunits amino acids, lipids including fats and oils with their subunits, fatty acids, and steroids, carbohydrates, including starch, cellulose, and glycogen (animal starch) with their subunits, sugars.

Nucleic Acids Structure All cells contain nucleic acids Nucleic acids are long chains of smaller molecules called nucleotides Nucleotides are made of 3 parts: A sugar, a base, and a phosphate group (phosphate and oxygen atoms)

Identifying Structure Single or double rings with nitrogen Five Carbon Sugar Phosphate Group

Nucleic Acids Function In most organisms, DNA contains the genetic blueprint for the organism and is reproduced in its entirety in every cell of its body. RNA helps to translate the information in DNA into the production of thousands of different kinds of proteins, which in turn control development of the organism.

Two Types DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) consists of two strands of nucleotides which spiral around each other because hydrogen side bonding that stores all your hereditary information that can be used to make proteins RNA (ribonucleic acid) consists of a single strand of nucleotides. RNA plays roles in cell function and protein manufacturing

ATP Structure The greater the number of phosphates, the greater the energy contained in the molecule. Adenine triphosphate is not only a major subunit of DNA and RNA, but also is a major energy carrier in living systems.

ATP (NUCLEIC ACID) ATP (adenosine triphosphate) important biological molecule Made of one nucleotide and two energy storing phosphate groups Main energy currency of cells When food (carbs and fats) are broken down some energy is stored as ATP and some is immediately used by the cells Energy is the ability to move or change matter Types: light, heat, chemical, mechanical, and electric Can be stored or released by chemical reactions a chemical reaction is when bonds are broken and reformed

Please answer the following questions: Which elements from HONC PS are in nucleic acids? The nucleotides from nucleic acids are made up of what three parts? DNA contains this sugar: RNA contains this sugar: The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are: The four nitrogenous bases in RNA are: When you break off one phosphate from ATP what are you left with?