Organic Chemistry: “Chemistry of Life”

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Macromolecules Biology CP.
Advertisements

Macromolecules.
2.3 Carbon Based Molecules
Biomolecules The Molecules of Life
Organic Molecules vocabulary. Lipids Lipids: Fats and oils. Composed of carbon and hydrogen. They are used to store energy long term. Examples: butter,
What type of food? Carbohydrates, protein, lipids?
Starter What are the differences between a dehydration and hydrolysis reaction? What are the properties that make water so important? What are the 4 major.
Biochemistry The Chemistry of Life. Basic Chemistry  Element – pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom  Ex. Hydrogen (H), Helium (He)
Chapter 2.3 Carbon Compounds.
Basic Vocabulary  Monomer – basic unit of a polymer  Polymer – Large molecule composed of repeating basic units or monomers.
Organic Molecules: Organic Molecules: 2.3 Chemical compounds containing Carbon.
The Building Blocks of Life
Organic Compounds: Biomolecules aka: Carbon Compounds.
Biomolecules  Form = Function  Review inquiry activity from previous class.
Organic Compounds Contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Carbon is found in things that are or once were living.
CHAPTER 6 SECTION 4 Macro molecules. Organic Chemistry The element carbon (C) is a component of almost all biological molecules Life on earth is often.
BIOMOLECULES ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.
Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules. What makes a molecule organic?
Macromolecules Review.
BIOMOLECULES MACROMOLECULES  made by polymerization- large compounds built by joining smaller ones together.  Smaller units (subunits) are called monomers.
Macromolecules! United Streaming Intro Video. Chemistry of Carbon Carbon can bond with many elements, including hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur,
Macromolecules Chemistry of Life Notes Part 3. Remember: Key Elements in Biological Systems C H N O P S Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorous Sulfur.
The Chemistry of Life Chapter 2-3 What macromolecules are important to living things? What are the functions of each group of macromolecules?
Large carbon based molecules!. Has 4 valence e- Can form 4 covalent bonds Form long chains Form ring structures.
Macromolecules The Building Blocks of Life
2.3 Carbon-based Molecules
The Building Blocks of Life
Organic Chemistry: “Chemistry of Life”
Organic Chemistry.
Macromolecules.
Macromolecules.
Macromolecules The Building Blocks of Life
Macromolecules Building blocks Of life Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
The Chemistry of Life Day 1.
Macromolecules.
Molecules of life table notes
Carbon Based Molecules
Macromolecules.
Organic Compounds Necessities for Life.
Molecules that contain carbon
The Chemical Basis of Life
Molecules that contain carbon
Molecules that contain carbon
Organic Chemistry: “Chemistry of Life”
Molecules that contain carbon
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Do Now & Announcements Turn in HW to be checked if you did not do so last class period Please also check if you forgot to turn in your Properties of.
Organic Molecules.
Organic Compounds.
Carbon Based Molecules
“macromolecules, organic compounds”
Macromolecules.
one glycerol and three fatty acids Fats and oils
Honors Biology Unit 1 – Chapter 6 Ms. Ereddia
The building blocks of LIFE
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Organic Chemistry.
2.3: Macromolecules.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Carbon.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
What is a Macromolecule?
What is Biochemistry? Biochemistry is the study of the chemical interactions of living things. Biochemists study the structures and physical properties.
Organic Molecules Chapter 6, section 4.
How does structure relation to function?
Unit 4: The chemistry of life
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Presentation transcript:

Organic Chemistry: “Chemistry of Life” General Biology Glencoe High School 2010-11

Organic molecules: Compounds containing the element carbon (C) Usually associated with living things Other elements commonly found in organic molecules: Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Sulfur (S)

4 main groups of organic molecules: 1. Carbohydrates  2. Lipids  3. Proteins  4. Nucleic Acids 

“Macromolecules”: Organic molecules are most often considered “macromolecules” (macro = large) They are made of “building block” molecules called monomers. 2 monomers can combine to form a dimer (di= two), and many monomers combine to form a polymer (poly= many) monomer dimer polymer

-Large molecules formed = water is lost Monomers join together in a reaction called “dehydration synthesis”. (dehydration = water loss) (synthesize = combine) -Large molecules formed = water is lost See animation: http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html H2O H2O The opposite of dehydration synthesis is called “hydrolysis” (requires water)

Some organic molecules, like lipids, are said to be hydrophobic -they will not mix with water Other organic molecules are hydrophilic -they mix well with water

Carbohydrates: -Made of ONLY Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen 1. Sugars - -Monosaccharides= “single sugars” (ex.- glucose) -Disaccharides= “double sugars” (ex.- sucrose, table sugar) -for FAST energy

2. Starch (plants) and Glycogen (animals)- -Polysaccharides= “many sugars” -Stored Energy (broken down into sugars later) Glycogen is stored in the liver Starch is stored in seeds, grains and tubers

3. Cellulose- -Found ONLY in plants -Structural molecule (makes plants rigid) -Indigestible by animals (“fiber”)

Lipids: Made of ONLY Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen 1.Fats and Oils -LONG TERM energy storage -Made of 1 glycerol molecule & 3 fatty acids (Triglycerides) 2. Waxes -water repellent

3. Phospholipids -cell membranes -hydrophilic heads -hydrophobic “tails” 4. Steroid hormones -chemical control of some body functions -made from cholesterol

-over half the dry weight of your body Proteins:Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen -over half the dry weight of your body -VERY LARGE with complex 3-dimensional structures -made of combinations of 20 different amino acids

- proteins perform MANY functions: Movement (muscles) Structure (bones) Chemical Regulation (enzymes speed up chemical reactions)

Defense (antibodies of the immune system) Transport (hemoglobin in red blood cells) Nutrition

Enzymes speed up reactions at normal temperatures

Nucleic Acids: - Consist of repeating units called nucleotides Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosophorus and Oxygen Consist of repeating units called nucleotides 1. DNA- forms the genetic code (codes for proteins) 2. RNA- vital part of protein building process

Organic Molecules: 4 classes Nucleic Acids Proteins Lipids Carbo- hydrates also known as