Protists and Fungi

Protists Protists One or many celled organisms that live in moist or wet surroundings. All are eukaryotic (have a nucleus or membrane bound structures. Some are plantlike. (chlorophyll) or funguslike Some are animal-like (motile) Solid or shell like structures outside of their body. Most protists have the characteristics of living in a moist or wet surrounding and being eukaryotic, in common.

Protists are divided into 3 groups based on shared characteristics. 1) Plant like 2) Animal Like 3) fungus like Plantlike Protists Known as algae Contain chlorophyll- make their own food Ex. Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Red Algae, Green Algae, Brown Algae.

Plantlike Protists Dinoflagellates Flagella Euglenoids Brown Algae One-celled saltwater algae with two flagella Flagella long, thin whiplike structure Euglenoids Algae with characteristics of both plants and animals. Brown Algae Not all algae is green Algin- found in the cell walls of brown algae is used to thicken ice cream. Its also found in marshmallows, rubber tires, and hand lotion. Kelp- many-celled brown algae that is a major food source for fish.

Animal-Like Protists Protozoans Ciliates Cilia Paramecium One-celled, animal-like protists Classified by the way that they move Ciliates Protists that have cilia Cilia Short, threadlike structures extending from cell membranes. Ex. Paramecium Paramecium Protozoan with two nuclei that moves using cilia

Animal-like Protists Flagellates Psuedopods Protozoans that move their watery environments whipping their long flagella Ex. Proterospongia protozoan that moves using flagella Psuedopods Move through their environments and feed using temporary extensions of their cytoplasm called pseudopods Ex. Amoeba use a pseudopod to move through their environment and obtain food. Protozoan that moves using pseudopods.

Funguslike Protists Produce spores like fungi Can move from place to place using psuedopods like amoeba. All must take in food from an outside source. Ex. Slime Molds, Water Molds and Downy Mildews

Name that Organism!!

AMOEBA ANIMAL-LIKE EUGLENA PLANT-LIKE DIATOM PLANT -LIKE DINOFLAGLLATE PLANT-LIKE PARAMECIUM ANIMAL-LIKE SLIME MOLD FUNGUS LIKE

Fungi Do you think you have fungi in your house? Characteristics Mushroom soup, fresh mushroom, package of yeast, fungus growing on a loaf of bread or an orange, and mildew fungus growing on your shower curtain. Characteristics do not contain chlorophyll Reproduce by spores Decompose organic matter Do NOT make their own food

Structure of Fungi The body of a fungus is usually a mass of many-celled, threadlike tubes called hyphae. Hyphae produce enzymes that help breakdown food. The Fungal cells absorb the digested food. Because of this most fungi are known as saphrophyts. Grow best in warm, humid areas.

Reproduction Asexual and sexual reproduction in fungi usually involves the production of spores. Waterproof reproductive cell that grow into a new organism.

Yeasts reproduce sexually by forming spores and asexually by budding. Club Fungi Grows as hyphae in the soil or on the surface of its food source. Basidium Club-shaped structure that produces spores. Sac Fungi Yeast, molds, morels, and truffels The spores of sac fungi are produced on an ascus. Yeasts reproduce sexually by forming spores and asexually by budding. Budding- new organisms grow off the parent’s side.

Zygote Fungi The fuzzy black mold that grows in fruit or bread is a type of zygospore fungus. Sporangium A round spore case on tips of hyphae, in zygote fungi When each sporangium splits open, hundreds of spores are released into the air. Some fungi either never reproduce sexually or never have been observed reproducing sexually. These are called IMPERFECT FUNGI. There is NO EVIDENCE that their life cycle has a sexual stage. Ex. Penicillin, athlete’s foot and ringworm

You have cracks between your toes and flaky skin You have cracks between your toes and flaky skin. Your doctor says it is athlete’s foot and suggests you keep your feet cool and dry. Why? Answer? Athletes foot is a fungal disease that grows best in warm and humid conditions.

Lichens Importance of Lichens An organism made of a fungus and either a green algae or a cyanobacteria. Importance of Lichens Food source for many animals Weathering process of rocks Scientists use them as indicator for pollution levels.

You are walking in the woods and trip over an old, fallen log You are walking in the woods and trip over an old, fallen log. It has a dozen half-moon shaped organs growing on it like shelves. What are those organisms and what are they doing on the log?? Answer: These are a types of fungus. They are helping decompose the log.

Some fungi interact with plant roots Mycorrhizae- mutually beneficial network of fungal hyphae and plant roots. 80% of plants develop mycorrhizae Helps the plant absorb more nutrients from the soil http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078617022/164155/00044685.html