Cold War

A. International activism Membership in the United Nations*- Maintain international peace and security*- Further international cooperation in solving problems

Marshall Plan*- Economic Aid ($13 billion) to Western Europe to help them rebuild NATO*- military alliance between US and Western European Countries to stop the spread of communism

B. Cold War Berlin Airlift- US airlifted food/supplies to countries that were being physically blocked by the Soviets

Communist regime in China Soviet nuclear weapons Truman Doctrine*- policy that the US would contain communism around the world Expanding and strengthening of communism * (1949) Communist regime in China Soviet nuclear weapons

4. Korean War (1950-53) caused by Domino Theory and containment policy* - see vocabulary Country remains divided at the 38th parallel* - North Korea (communist) and South Korea (democracy) are still separated   UN Police Action* - a nation violates United Nations rules and the UN votes to take military (police) action against that nation Called the “Forgotten War” because it comes in between WWII and Vietnam-

5. Cuba Bay of Pigs invasion*- Failed attempt by the U.S. to overthrow Fidel Castro CIA blamed JFK for failure

Cuban Missile Crisis*- video Standoff between US and USSR of nuclear weapons US set up naval blockade around Cuba

C. Arms Race Civil Defense- citizens prepare for possible nuclear attack, building bomb shelters, “duck and cover” drills, radio and air raid siren warnings- Mutually Assured destruction*- agreement not to bomb each other because everyone will eventually die Sputnik- first man made satellite to orbit the earth. (a Soviet satellite) Nuclear test ban treaty- agreement to stop testing a-bombs because they are destroying the earth’s atmosphere

PEOPLE

1. Harry Truman US president during the Berlin Airlift and Korean War

2. General Douglas MacArthur led US and UN troops in Korea. Replaced by Truman for suggesting the use of nuclear weapons against China

3. Dwight D. Eisenhower US president at the end of Korean War and during the CIA’s planning of the Bay of Pigs invasion

4. John F. Kennedy President during Bay of Pigs invasion, Cuban Missile Crisis and made the decision to send military advisors to Vietnam

5. Lyndon B. Johnson President that escalated the war in Vietnam

6. Richard Nixon President that began “Vietnamization”, ended military involvement in Vietnam and established “Détente” with China and the USSR

7. Mao Zedong led the communist revolution in China and was their leader from 1949 to 1976

8. Ho Chi Minh communist leader of North Vietnam from 1954-1969 who aided the Viet Cong in the fight against the anti- communist forces in South Vietnam

9. Vietcong South Vietnamese rebels who supported communist government of North Vietnam

10. Fidel Castro communist leader of Cuba who let the Soviet Union place missiles there leading to the Cuban missile crisis

1.. Nikita Khrushchev Soviet leader during the building of the Berlin Wall and Cuban Missile Crisis

VOCABULARY

1. Cold War conflict between the Soviet Union and the US carried on by political and economic means

2. Containment stop the spread of communism

3. Détente easing of tensions between the US and communist nations

4. Domino Theory Eisenhower’s theory that allowing one country in a region to fall under communist control would cause the others in that region to fall too

6. Mutually Assured Destruction a philosophy that kept the super powers from bombing each other because each side had the ability to annihilate the other

Vietnamization Nixon’s policy to gradually withdraw US troops from Vietnam while training the South Vietnamese to take more responsibility for their own defense

4. Communism Political & Economic theory that all property is owned by govt and shared among everyone