TYPES OF CULTURE

CULTURE The knowledge, language, values, customs, and material objects that are passed from one generation to the next. Humans are born with certain impulses-sleep when you are tired, sneezing, drinking when thirsty, but our social behavior is driven by our norms, values and learned behaviors. (culture)

REAL vs. IDEAL CULTURE IDEAL CULTURE: The values people/societies claim or aspire to have Ex-Societies value loyalty, honesty, hard work These are targets we value and strive to reach.

Ideal v. Real CULTURE REAL CULTURE: The way people actually behave. *We want HONESTY but we lie *We want LOYALTY but we cheat. This is the way people actually act.

COMPONENTS OF CULTURE SYMBOLS: Anything that stands for something else or has a shared meaning attached to it.— Symbols don’t mean the same things in all cultures ARTIFACTS/TECHNOLOGY: combination of material objects and rules for their use LANGUAGE: Organization of written or spoken symbols into a standardized system.

COMPONENTS OF CULTURE VALUES: shared beliefs about what is good and bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable. What a society values has a lot to do with the character of the people.

COMPONENTS OF CULTURE NORMS: shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in various situations. FOLKWAYS: informal norms or everyday customs that we can violate without serious consequence (not brushing teeth) MORES: Culture’s strong held norms with moral and ethical consequences, violators are subject to more severe consequences (jail, loss of employment) LAWS: norms that have been enacted by legislatures to enforce formal sanctions TABOOS: mores so strong that violation is considered extremely offensive, even unmentionable

POPULAR CULTURE “Pop” Culture: is the vernacular (people's) culture that prevails in a modern society The media often dictates what is popular through the internet, films, music, and television What is popular is usually determined by middle class, urban society Pop culture is frequently encountered or widely accepted commonly liked or approved Those who deviate from the “mainstream” culture are usually considered countercultures.

POPULAR CULTURE

HIGH CULTURE common meaning is the set of cultural products, mainly in the arts, held in the highest esteem by a culture (Especially over pop culture) it is the culture of an elite, wealthy, high class society Ex-opera, ballet, theater

CULTURE SHOCK When people experience culture that is vastly different from their own and is overwhelmed by the differences.

HOW DO WE UNDERGO CHANGE AS A CULTURE? Change in our values and beliefs-historical events, push for change is society, can often lead to changes in our values and beliefs 3 Way Culture Undergo Change: Change in Technology: the knowledge and tools people use to shape and mold our environment and practices is changed by technology. This can happen in 2ways: Invention: inventing new technology that didn’t exist Discovery: recognizing new phenomena and developing a new standard of things that already existed.

HOW DO WE UNDERGO CHANGE AS A CULTURE? ACCULTURATION: modifying one’s own culture as result of contact with another (ex-Italians eat pasta, immigrate to the U.S. and it becomes a part of American culture) DIFFUSION: spreading of items from group to group or society to society: Ex: Exploration, military conquest, mission work, the mass media