Eubacteria & Archaebacteria

Bacterial Diseases Syphilis Typhoid Fever Gangrene Pink Eye Gonorrhea Bacterial Meningitis Strept Throat Ear infections Sinus Infections Tetanus Pneumonia Plague Dysentery Whooping Cough Gangrene Pink Eye Botulism Flesh Eating Bacteria E. Coli Salmonella Urinary Tract Infections Acne Tuberculosis Chemical Warfare Anthrax

Beneficial Bacteria E. Coli Protein source Yogurt Saprophytes Cheese Vinegars Wine Biotechnology Buttermilk Sourcream Protein source Saprophytes Decomposing dead organisms Oil Eating bacteria Agriculture Nitrogen fixing bacti Bacterial Cement Sewage Plants Some countries grow bacteria as a protein source. Intestinal bacteria produce & release vitamins (vit.K) & break down proteins, staarches & fat. Lactic Acid bacteria used by dairy industries to manufacture yogurt, cottage cheese, buttermilk, cheese & sour cream. Vinegars are made by allowing acetic acid bacteria to oxidize the alcohol in wine apple cider or malt.

Prokaryotes (Pro means first) Earth’s first cells are thought to be bacteria (prokaryotes) No nuclear envelope Chromosome is circular and exposed in cell cytoplasm (not protected in nucleus) No membrane bound organelles Ribosomes are floating in cytoplasm Bacteria may cause disease in plants as well as in humans & other animals

Kingdom Monera broken into Two Kingdoms EUBACTERIA Cyanobacteria is the direct ancestor Found everywhere Bacteria that cause disease and decay ARCHAEBACTERIA Ancestor of eukaryotic cells! Rare today-found in extreme conditions ie; hot springs, ocean vents & acidic waters

Thermoacidophiles – Love hot, acidic waters Archaebacteria Archaebacteria – The Extremists Halophiles – Salt Lovers Methanogens – Gas Producers Thermoacidophiles – Love hot, acidic waters

Eubacteria Eubacteria The Heterotrophs Photosynthetic Autotrophs Chemosynthetic Autotrophs

History Antony Van Leeuwenhoek Louis Pasteur 1822-1895 Discovered bacteria in 1684 Louis Pasteur 1822-1895 Disproved spontaneous generation Showed the air was filled with microorganisms that could cause decay unless removed or destroyed Joseph Lister 1827-1912 English Surgeon Applied Pasteur's principles to protection of wounds from airborne microbes by sterilizing surgical instruments, dressings, and operating rooms

History Robert Koch 1843-1910 1876 - Koch’s Postulates maintained that one could probe a bacterium caused a particular disease if four conditions were met (warmth, food, moisture, and habitat ) Koch pioneered the use of nutrient agar Alexander Fleming Discovered Antibiotics Note: Open Koch and Fleming pictures

History 1870’s Bacterial Pathogens for many of the most deadly diseases were discovered during the next 30 years: Anthrax, gonorrhea, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria, tetanus, pneumonia, meningitis, gas gangrene, plague, botulism, dysentery, whooping cough and many more

Cocci – spherical shaped Bacterial Shapes Diplococcus – pairs Streptococcus – long chains Staphylococcus – grapelike clusters Cocci – spherical shaped

Bacterial Shapes Baccilus – rod shaped Diplobacillus Streptobacillus Pairs Streptobacillus Short chains Can be spore formers

Spirillum – a spiral shaped bacterium Bacterial Shapes Spirillum – a spiral shaped bacterium (corkscrew) They do not group together but separate after division Treponema pallidum is a spiral shaped bacterium It causes Syphilis

Typical Bacterial Morphology Plasma Membrane DNA Molecule Cell Wall Cytoplasm Ribosomes

Bacteria II Chapter 19 section I

Recap: Typical Bacterial Morphology Plasma Membrane DNA Molecule Cell Wall Cytoplasm Ribosomes