The Good, the Bad and the Ugly! Bacteria The Good, the Bad and the Ugly!

What are prokaryotes? Single celled organisms that DO NOT have membrane bound organelles.

3 Common Bacterial Shapes Sphere Shaped  Coccus Rod Shaped  Bacillus Spiral Shaped  Spirillum

3 Common Bacterial Shapes

2 Domains all Prokaryotes Belong to: Domain Archaea Domain Bacteria

Domain Archaea Kingdom Archaebacteria Mostly found in EXTREME Environments Salt Lakes / Hot Springs / etc

Domain Bacteria Can be found virtually EVERYWHERE!!! 100,000 found on 1 sq in of your skin!

Bacterial Structure Genetic Material  DNA Bacterial DNA is a single chromosome clustered in a mass called a nucleoid.

Bacterial Structure Plasmids Other non-membrane bound structures? Small, circular extra loops of DNA Other non-membrane bound structures? Ribosomes, enzymes, nutrients

Bacterial Structure Outside Cell Membrane? Cell wall made of? Rigid cell wall – 1 or 2 layers thick Cell wall made of? Peptidoglycan Outside cell wall of some? Additional membrane

Up Close: E. coli                       

Identifying Bacteria Techniques Used to ID Bacteria Gram Staining

Gram Positive Thick layer of peptidoglycan / no outer membrane EASIER to Kill!!! Stain PURPLE

Gram Negative Thin layer peptidoglycan / outer membrane present HARDER to Kill!!! Stains Pink

Obtaining Energy Photoautrotrophs Chemoautotrophs Heterotrophs Use SUNLIGHT for energy Purple & Green Sulfur Bacteria CYANOBACTERIA Chemoautotrophs Get energy from Inorganic Sources (CHEMICALS) in their environment Heterotrophs Feed on DEAD organisms Paratites / Pathogens (Feed on LIVING stuff)

Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission A single cell divides into two identical cells (MITOSIS)

Sexual Reproduction Conjugation Occurs when two bacteria join to exchange DNA Connect through Pili

Endospores Thick walled structures that surround DNA & cytoplasm, protecting bacteria from harsh conditions

Vital Role of Bacteria Produce Oxygen Convert Nitrogen to useable form for Plants (matter cycles) DECOMPOSERS!!! Food we eat!

Helpful in Industry/Research Produce Chemicals (Acetone) Clean up oil spills / sewage Produce human proteins

Causing Disease Producing Toxins Clostridium botulinum Botulism toxin causes food poisoning Used in Botox

Destroying Body Tissue Causing Disease Destroying Body Tissue Staphylococcus Flesh Eating Bacteria

Destroying Body Tissue ANTHRAX CHLAMYDIA GONORRHEA

Antibiotics Chemicals that inhibit the growth of or kill microorganisms. Conjugation & Natural Selection spreads antibiotic resistance (MRSA)