Intermolecular Forces A. _____ molecules act as tiny ________ because of their uneven charge distribution. A _______ is created by equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance. Polar dipoles dipole

Intermolecular Forces 1. Molecular polarity depends on both the _______ and the ___________ of each bond. polarity orientation

Intermolecular Forces A. There are two types of _____ intermolecular forces collectively known as _______ ____ _________ forces. weak van der Waals

Intermolecular Forces 1. The forces of attraction between ______ molecules are known as _____________ forces. This interaction is similar to ionic bonds but much, much ________. polar dipole-dipole weaker

Intermolecular Forces 2. ___________ forces are the weakest of the intermolecular forces and result from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous dipoles. Dispersion

Intermolecular Forces a. Occur between ALL atoms and molecules but are the ONLY intermolecular force acting among ______ ____ atoms. noble gas

Intermolecular Forces b. Strength __________ with ___________ numbers of electrons in the interacting atoms or molecules. increases increasing

Intermolecular Forces B. The strongest intermolecular force is a specific type of dipole-dipole force called _________ bonding, in which a _________ atom that is bonded to a ___, ___, or ___ atom is attracted to an unshared pair of e- in a nearby molecule. hydrogen hydrogen F O N

Intermolecular Forces a. _________ bonding is often depicted with a ________ line. Hydrogen dotted

Intermolecular Forces b. __________ bonding is responsible for some of the unique properties of _______, including its relatively ______ boiling point. Hydrogen water high

Intermolecular Forces Boiling A. _______ point is generally a good measure of the force of attraction between molecules. It is at this point that molecules pull away from one another in the liquid phase and enter the ___ phase. gas

Intermolecular Forces 1. The ______ the boiling point, the ________ the intermolecular forces between the molecules. higher stronger

Intermolecular Forces B. When a liquid is in a confined, closed, container, an equilibrium exists between the liquid and its gaseous phase. This equilibrium exists regardless of the temperature inside the container and the temperature of the liquid. This ______ pressure is a measure of the relative strength of the intermolecular forces, and tells you the rate of evaporation. vapor

Intermolecular Forces 1. The _______ the vapor pressure, the ________ the IMF (more molecules escaping the attractions of other molecules to enter the vapor (gas) phase. higher weaker