Four states of matter video clip: click here Changes in State Four states of matter video clip: click here

Book video clip: click here Phase Diagram Book video clip: click here

Phase Diagram MELTING FREEZING CONDENSATION VAPORIZAITON SUBLIMATION TRIPLE POINT

Triple Point The temperature & pressure at which a substance can exists in ALL 3 states of matter at the same time!! Very rare & hard to do Triple Point of Cyclohexane Video

What word describes Motion or Movement energy?

All matter’s particles are in constant motion Kinetic Energy All matter’s particles are in constant motion

State of Matter is determined by Particle arrangement Energy of particles Distance b/w particles

Kinetic Theory: Solids Atoms are vibrating on a fixed point in a solid

Book video clip: click here Types of Solids Book video clip: click here

Amorphous Solid Has no organized internal structure Rubber Plastic Glass Asphalt Cotton Candy

Compounds with the highest melting points are….

Melting Points Strongest ( highest): Ionic Bonding Hydrogen Bonding Dipole-Dipole Lowest ( weakest) Dispersion

1. Ionic : strongest bond Crystalline structure Bond kept together by…. Crystalline structure

Covalent Compounds have three interactions( intermolecular forces) that keep them together….

2. Hydrogen Bonding strongest covalent Highest MP & BP of covalent Hydrogen attracted to: N itrogen O xygen F luorine

3. Dipole-Dipole [polar] - end attracted /// to + end of another

4. Dispersion [nonpolar] weakest -a dipole is induced -lowest MP & BP interaction Induced + Induced -

Kinetic Theory: Liquids Particles are not bound together in fixed positions, but there is still some attractive forces keeping them close during movement.

Fluidity Particles flow, slide over each other

Viscosity

Kinetic theory of gases Book clip: clip here

Gas Particles Assumption #1: Have a small volume Far apart from each other Independent : No attractive or repulsive forces

Gas Particles Assumption #2: Move: Rapid Independent Random Straight paths Only  direction when rebounding

Gas Particles Assumption #3 When particles collide, there collisions are elastic: no loss of energy it is transferred between the particles

Force exerted when gas particles collide: click here Gas Pressure Force exerted when gas particles collide: click here

Pressure Units SI unit : Pascal (Pa) Sea level: 101.3 kPa Millimeters of Mercury: mm Hg blood pressure Atmospheres: atm Atmospheric pressure Torr (Torrque- mostly physics and mechanics) Pounds per Square Inch: PSI Tire pressure, scuba diving Bar

Conversions of Pressure **1 atm = 760 mmHg = 101.3 kPa** Other conversions 1 torr = 1 mm Hg 1 atm = 14.7 PSI 1 bar = 1 atm

no gas particles = no collisions = NO PRESSURE Vacuum no gas particles = no collisions = NO PRESSURE

Gas particles in Air colliding in earth’s atmosphere Atmospheric Pressure Gas particles in Air colliding in earth’s atmosphere

Elevation and Atmospheric Pressure ↑ Elevation = ↓ Atmospheric Pressure b/c less gas particles =less collisions =  P Sea Level more gas particles = more P

More gas particles = More collisions= More pressure

Evaporation vs Condensation Eureka video clip: click here

Evaporation Video Clip: Click here

Equilibrium Book clip: click here

Evaporation/ Condensation Equilibrium

Evaporation/ Condensation Dynamic Equilibrium

Evaporation/ Condensation Dynamic Equilibrium

Boiling Vapor Pressure = External Pressure to Liquid has enough HEAT/ENERGY to overcome the External Pressure Vapor Pressure = External Pressure

Boiling Video clip: click here

the EXTERNAL pressure is changed to make something boil Energy/Heat is added Or the EXTERNAL pressure is changed

Affect of  Temp on Contained Liquid  KE of particles  particle collisions  Vapor Pressure This why a tea kettle whistles

Elevation and BP

Pressure Cooker Creates a High External Pressure which prevents vapor bubbles from forming Allowing the liquids inside to get much hotter than normal (above boiling pt) , thus reducing the cooking time. Pot Roast that takes 3 hrs in the oven can cook in 30-45 minutes!

Temperature Video clip: click here

Measuring Temperature Eureka video clip: click here

Temperature Movement of particles

No movement of particles Absolute Zero (0 K) No movement of particles

Absolute Zero (0 K) Video Clip: Click here

Kinetic Energy  Temperature  Kinetic Energy↑ the Temp↑

Remember: K =273 + C F = (9/5 C) + 32

Exploring Heat Video clip: click here

Heat vs. Temperature https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rU-sPzshVnM

Application

Distillation A homogenous mixture of liquids, a solution, can be separated using the knowledge that: every substance has a unique boiling point all gasses can condense

Distillation

Plasma in a Bottle Video Clip: click here

Weather Video clip: Click here

Scuba Video Clip: click here

Nitrogen Narcosis Video Clip: click here