CPR

What is CPR? Cardiopulmonary Resucitation

When is CPR used? When the Heart stops beating regularly

What things may cause the heart to stop beating? Overdose (alcohol, or drugs) Drowning Heart attack Stroke Severe loss of blood (injury) Shock (after a traumatic event)

What is a Heart Attack? A myocardial infarction or heart attack is caused when the heart muscle tissue does not get enough oxygen in order to maintain muscle contraction (i.e. beating). This is most often caused by a blood clot which forms when blood flow through one or more of the coronary arteries is restricted. Build up of Cholesterol is often the cause

Heart Attack

Heart attack vs. Cardiac Arrest Heart Attack is simply lack of blood f low to the myocardial tissue The Heart is still beating but not for long. Symptoms of a heart attack begin Cardiac Arrest is when the heart stops its regular beating pattern and begins to fibrilate. Shake like a bowl full of jelly. Each contraction is no longer strong enough to pump blood through the system Heart requires defibrillation!

Chain of Survival This includes all of the things that you can do in order to increase your chances of survival when it comes to Heart Health

Chain of Survival Healthy Choices Early Recognition Early Access Early CPR Early Defibrillation Early Advanced Care Early Rehabilitation

Risk Factors for Heart Attacks Cigarettes Cholesterol Blood Pressure Diabetes Obesity No exercise Stress

Five Signals/signs of a heart attack Pain – in the chest and or down the left arm Pale – clammy skin Puking – or Nausea Puffing – difficulty or shallow breathing Pooped - fatigue

What to do when you arrive on scene Check for Hazards. Approach the victim and check responsiveness. Call 911 if necessary. This is automatic if the person is unconscious/unresponsive.

What to do if the person is responsive P - Position the person in the recovery position or a comfortable position of their choice. L - Loosen any tight or restrictive clothing to allow easier respiration. T – talk to the person and find out as much information about them and the situation as possible. (in case their condition gets worse).

What you do as you wait for 911 A – Allergies P – Past History R – Rx treatments/medications I – Incident, what happened? L – Last meal? L – Lights O – Obstacles V – Vehicles (remove) E – Entrances, exits, etc.

Communicable diseases Need to be aware of AIDS, Hep B (transmitted through bodily fluids). Meningitis, Tuberculosis, Flu (transmitted through the air). Protective equipment (gloves, face barriers, cleansing) Rescuer is the number one priority…we do not want two lives at stake!

Legal Issues Bill 20 (Good Samaritan Act) states that you are protected as long as you do what a reasonable person would do. Good intentions are most important Once you start you don’t stop (unless fatigued or unsafe to continue). First aider requires consent from a conscious victim.

Life threatening Priorities Airway – need an open airway in order to allow air to enter the lungs. The tongue is a common obstruction of the airway so we use a head tilt chin lift to open the airway on an unconscious victim. Breathing – If the victim is not breathing then the heart and other tissues will soon stop working so we need to provide oxygen to some degree. Air 21% oxygen, we normally only use 5% so that means we will have 16% oxygen in expired air.

Life threatening Priorities cont… Circulation (CPR) - Permanent Brain damage can occur in 4-5 min without oxygen. We need to keep the blood circulating manually using CPR. Focus is on pumping hard and fast to circulate the victim’s blood which still has some oxygen. Once ABC’s are done, perform secondary check (bones, cuts etc.)

Shock Reaction to Trauma or injury characterized by decreased oxygen to the system. Signs and symptoms: Pale cool clammy skin, Nausea, vomitting, confusion, blue lips, shivering, weak but rapid pulse, sweating or thirst.

Treatment for shock 9-1-1 if severe Rest and reassure Warm Elevate the legs Monitor their ABC’s

How to perform CPR

Differences between: Adult, Child, Infant CPR AGE 8+ 1-8 0--1 Number of breaths 2 slow breaths on the mouth 2 shallow puffs over mouth and nose Compression ratio 30:2 Hand position Two hands over the centre of the chest One hand over the centre of the chest Two fingers over the centre of the chest