Heat Exchange: Qtotal = Qs -(Qb + Qe + Qh) Freshwater Exchange = Precipitation - Evaporation Qs, 168 watts/m2 Short wave solar radiation Qh 24 watts/m2.

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Presentation transcript:

Heat Exchange: Qtotal = Qs -(Qb + Qe + Qh) Freshwater Exchange = Precipitation - Evaporation Qs, 168 watts/m2 Short wave solar radiation Qh 24 watts/m2 Qb, 66 watts/m2 long wave terrestial radiation Qe, 78 watts/m2 evaporation

Heat Flux between the ocean and atmosphere Heat Exchange: Qtotal = Qs -(Qb + Qe + Qh)

Net CO2 Flux from Takahashi et al., 2002

northward southward northward southward

Surface Deep Bottom

convection

Stratification under a full sea ice cover, Weddell sea There is a lot of subsurface heat, separated from the surface mixed layer by a weak pycnocline. Slight changes in stratification would induce big changes in vertical heat flux and of the winter sea ice cover The vertical heat flux in the southern ocean is in precarious balance. A slight change of the hydrological forcing can alter the stability of the upper layer, changing the deep to surface water heat flux, and sea ice budget. This apparently happened in the mid-1970s when a large area of the Weddell Sea did not freeze over even in the dead of winter. The Weddell Polynya marks a break down of southern ocean stratification resulting in deep reaching open ocean convection, competing for ocean ventilation with the “normal” continental slope plumes. Might this mode of stability become more or less common in the future?

Open ocean convection