-with special reference to Singida and Dodoma Region in Tanzania FIPS-Africa’s Approach to Helping Small-holder farmers to improve their food security through adaptation to climate change -with special reference to Singida and Dodoma Region in Tanzania Paul Seward

Constraints and Strategy Constraints caused by climate change Low rainfall Poorly distributed rainfall Increasing incidence of crop failure, resulting in food insecurity FIPS-Africa’s strategy to help farmers adapt to climate change Introduction of early-maturing varieties of farmers preferred food crops Introduction of new drought-tolerant crops Promotion of crop diversity Promotion of appropriate soil/crop management techniques Promotion of indigenous chickens that survive drought Promotion of tree crops Mass dissemination of appropriate inputs through self-employed Village-based Advisors

Constraints, Interventions and Partnerships Source All crops Soil hard pans Deep tillage with spring jembe Artisans in Kenya Most crops Poor soil fertiility Yara Mila Cereal Fertilizer Yara Tanzania Ltd., Minjingu Mazao fertilizer Minjingu Mines & Fertilizer Ltd. Maize Crop Situka (OPV) East Africa Seed Co. TAN250 Tanseed International DK8031 Monsanto P2859W Pioneer Longe 4 FICA Seed Co. SC403 Seedco WH403, WH505 Western Seed Co Sorghum Late-maturing local varieties Macia ASA; QDS Farmers Pearl Millet Okoa Cowpea Tumaini, Vuli1 Sunflower Record Sweet potato Karoti-Dar, Jewel, Ejumula Farmer groups working with Ukiriguru AR! Cassava Mumba Humbolo ARI Tomato Lack of certified seed Rio Grande East African Seed Co Onion Bombay Red, Red Creole

Improved technologies have been developed , but…. The Challenge (3) Improved technologies have been developed , but…. How do we develop a self-sustaining extension service to disseminate inputs and information to empower small-holder farmers to improve their food security?

Methodology: Networks of Self-employed Village-based Advisors (VBAs) 15 -150 VBAs / district 1 VBA to advise at least 500 farmer families VBAs linked to Research Institutes and Seed Companies VBAs simultaneously disseminate wide range of improved varieties of their most important crops (multi-technology approach) using Small Pack/Whole Village approach, and advise farmers on soil/crop management

Village-based Advisors (VBAs) - Selected with and trained by the Ministry of Agriculture

Methodology: Small Pack/Whole Village Approach Baby Demo 1 tonne of seed, packaged into 25 g sample packs, can be distributed to 40,000 farmers

Small Pack/ Whole Village Approach – All Farmers try the inputs Everybody, even the poorest, gets to : Try a Baby demo Avoid exclusive nature of group/ lead farmer approaches Believe in technology because they practice on own land Small promotion packs of seed: 25 g seed enough to learn (5m x 2m) 1 tonne of seed can reach 40,000 households Cheap, cost-effective, large uptake Mother Demo Village 1 Village 4 Village 2 Village 3

Promotion of Improved Soil/Crop Management Deep Tillage – Spring jembe Breaks hard pan allowing rainwater infiltration and root growth to deeper soil layers “Spring” jembe Farmer tillage Deep row tillage with “spring “jembe combined with tied ridges

Impact: Increased Demand for and Sales of Seeds Having succeeded with small packs, farmers mobilise resources and return to local stockist or VBA to purchase larger quantities of seed to improve food security and income generation

Impact: Farmers improving their food security through adoption of improved maize varieties DK8031 variety DK8031 variety

Impact: Farmers saving their seed from small pack seed loans of new millet variety Okoa

Impact: Farmers saving their seed from small pack seed loans of new sorghum variety Macia Local variety

Impact: Farmers saving their seed of new cowpea varieties from small (50 g) pack seed loans .

Impact: Farmers saving their seed of improved (Record) sunflower variety from small (50 g) pack seed loans .

Impact: Farmers improving their food security through improved Humba cassava variety Mumba variety

Impact: Farmers improving their food security through improved sweet potato varieties

Impact: Farmers benefiting from the introduction of the drought-tolerant Dolichos lablab crop

Impact: Farmers improving their food security through improved chicken survival

Adoption & Impact – Independent Reviews by SUA fipsafrica@yahoo.com www.fipsafrica.org Adoption & Impact – Independent Reviews by SUA 1. Prof Joseph Hella from Sokoine University (October 2011). Prof Hella concluded: “…we propose for the government, through their respective DALDOs, to emulate a similar promotion strategy in other districts since it is a quickest win and the most cost-effective approach ever used in this country.” 2. Prof. Kallunde Sibuga from Sokoine University (November 2012) Prof. Sibuga concluded: “Farmers reported that the improved varieties that were promoted by FIPS-Africa and that they have adopted have helped them to increase the yields of their crops. For almost all crops, farmers reported yield increases of over the targeted 30% (generally between 30 and 70%) across the three districts Approximately 80,000 small-holder farmer households benefiting from the approach over 4 years

Impact: Self-employment opportunities generated for Village-based Advisors Sale of farm inputs in partnership with private sector companies

Impact: Self-employment opportunities generated for village-based Advisors Production and Sale of Quality Declared Seed (QDS) in partnership with District Councils

Impacts: Self-employment opportunities generated for Village-based Advisors Sale of Tree seedlings

Impact: Self-employment opportunities generated for Village-based Advisors Chicken vaccination against Newcastle disease (1 Chicken = US$ 5 = 2 kg seed = 5 kg fertilizer)

Impact: Self-employment opportunities generated for Village-based Advisors

FIPS-Africa Project Management R.C. = Regional Coordinator D.C. = District Coordinator VBA = Village Based Agriculture Advisor (non-staff) Each VBA works with 200 – 500 farming households VBA RC DC District Coordinators each with up to 50 VBAs Regional Coordinators each support 4 – 6 District Coordinators

Thank you - To Irish Aid for support - To all our Partners in Seed Companies, Research Organisations, Ministry of Agriculture for their co-operation; - To FIPS-Africa Staff for their innovation and commitment For more information, contact: Farm Input Promotions Africa (FIPS-Africa), PO Box 5523, 00200-Nairobi. Tel: 020-2730700; e-mail: fipsafrica@yahoo.com