Chapter 8 Standards 16,17,18

The Roaring 20’s

What is Communism? Carl Marx wrote a book and described communism as a nation where the people own everything collectively with no need for Govt All land, businesses, homes, ect Would be started by workers who rebel Socialism is a type of government that is meant to help a nation transition to communism – extreme government control, and concern for the nation as a whole, not individuals https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3u4EFTwprM

The Red Scare Russia turned communist during it’s revolution at the end of WWI- a socialist government was put in place to lead to communism US afraid it would spread John D. Rockefeller attempted assassination Palmer Raids authorized- immigrants who were thought to be communist were sent home

Immigration Restrictions Immigration banned from eastern European nations – Russia, Germany, Italy, Poland KKK restarted and attacked immigrants, Jews, Catholics, as well as blacks

Henry Ford Did not invent the car, invented mass production & assembly line Made cars affordable for average citizens and his workers (paid $5 per day) Allowed people to live farther from work, and more mobile

Cultural Changes Women freed from only housework- appliances Machines make work easier= more leisure time Less formal dress Radio and movies invented Popular leisure activities

Harlem Renaissance African Americans from New Orleans and Mississippi brought music to northern cities Jazz popular with whites as well Louis Armstrong Langston Hughes-poet who wrote about black experiences

Tin Pan Ally Area of NYC where new music was being produced Irving Berlin- composed and produced over 300 hits and musicals

The Great Depression

Initial Prosperity Calvin Coolidge said “the business of America is business”- believed in laissez-faire Stock market did very well, economy grew People began investing in stock market to make money More products offered so people buy more (consumerism) People allowed to buy on margin $100 piece of Ford- purchased for $10 and took out a loan for the other $90- sell two weeks later for $200 $100 profit

All Good things must come to an end…. Companies continued to produce but demand slowed down- overproduction People began to worry about saving more- under consumption

Farmers only… Farmers struggled during the 1920’s because tractors created overproduction Prices for crops dropped Many farmers lost their land Droughts in the Midwest created the dust bowl

Hoover’s Bad Luck Herbert Hoover became president in 1929 Oct 29,1929- Black Tuesday Stock market crash Hoover blamed for the Great Depression

Desperation Companies closed, savings accounts lost Banks ran out of money 1 out of 4 without a job or savings Soup kitchens, breadlines created Hoovervilles- tent cities of homeless people

FDR To the Rescue Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932- promised “direct relief” from the government Wanted to experiment with government intervention in the economy Promised the American people “a new deal” with a new economy The first 100 days of his presidency he created programs to help “Fireside chats”- radio speeches every night

The First New Deal Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Hired unmarried men 17-23 Worked in national parks building electrical lines, shelters, planting trees Structured like military Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Provided financial help to farmers Paid farmers to not plant a full load of crops Kept overproduction down Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Insured bank accounts up to $100,000 Kept people from pulling money out of banks Works Progress Administration (WPA) Hired men to build needed structures in their hometowns Gyms, bridges, stadiums Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Build dams on the Tennessee River to create electricity Provided electricity to areas of the South without it

Critics Not everyone agreed with Roosevelt Some felt he was leading America toward communism Others felt Roosevelt was not doing enough Huey Long from Louisiana felt Roosevelt should redistribute wealth No citizen should be allowed to make over 1 Million per year (rest taken by taxes) Killed by anti-communist New Deal did not do much to help blacks or women

2nd New Deal National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) and Wagner Act Protected workers who joined unions Created a board to report on bosses who treat people unfairly Social Security Act (SSA) Provided a retirement income to workers after age 65 Workers pay money to SSA every paycheck then get it back after they retire Only program still working today Revenue Act Raised taxes on people making over $50,000 per year

Court Packing Scheme FDR was frustrated because the Supreme Court was stopping some of his programs Suggested to congress that they raise the number of judges from 9 to 15 If allowed, FDR would get to nominate 6 new judges who he knew would agree with him People outraged- feared he was a dictator FDR backed down from the plan

Eleanor Roosevelt First 1st lady to take a public role An activist for women’s rights and equality for minorities Invited jazz musicians to white house Sat with blacks on a bus in AL Made speeches for FDR while he was sick He was secretly disabled and could not walk

WWII Hitler comes to power in Germany and begins breaking rules of the Treaty Japan being aggressive in the Pacific US decided to be Neutral Neutrality Act FDR believed we should go to war