2.2 Classification of Matter

States of Matter Solid-Rigid, with a fixed shape and volume. Liquid-Has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container Gas-Has no fixed volume or shape – it uniformly fills any container.

Classification of Matter Substance- a material with definite chemical composition Element- a substance that contains only one type of atom Compound- a substance that contains two or more different types of atoms bound together in a fixed proportion.

Mixtures are a blend of 2 or more pure substances Homogeneous mixtures = same throughout Solution- mix of liquid and another substance Alloy- mix of two or more solids

Heterogeneous mixtures = different throughout Suspension- heterogeneous mixture that settles out over time Colloid- heterogeneous mixture that does not settle out over time

Properties of Matter Physical Properties: Properties that are observed or measured without changing a substance examples: color, size, shape, density, melting point, boiling point

Chemical Properties: characteristics of a substance that indicate whether it can undergo certain chemical changes examples: flammability, reaction to light

Changes of Matter Physical Change- does not produce a new substance ex: change in size or state

Chemical Change- produces a new substance ex: Bubbles (Most of the time) Solid forms (precipitate) Change in temperature Change in color

Separation of Matter Filtration- poured through filter paper to separate a solid from a liquid Flotation (density separation)- separation of substances because of varying densities Crystallization (solubility separation)- If a solid is dissolved in liquid then the liquid is removed and evaporated off until it solidifies

Separation of Matter Distillation (boiling point separation)- liquid is boiled off and condensed in a collection vial Chromatography- separation of substances with different polarities by moving them up a paper Specific Properties- Iron is attracted to a magnet and can be separated