Cell Organelles Unit 2

ORGANELLE LOCATION DESCRIPTION FUNCTION Cell Wall plant, not animal *outer layer *rigid, strong, stiff *made of cellulose *support (grow tall) *protection *allows H2O, O2, CO2 to pass into and out of cell Cell Membrane both plant/animal *plant - inside cell wall *animal - outer layer; cholesterol *selectively permeable *support *controls movement of materials in/out of cell *barrier between cell and its environment *maintains homeostasis Lipid bilayer-there are two lipid layers

Nucleus both plant/animal *large, oval *controls cell activities nuclear membrane both plant/animal *surrounds nucleus *selectively permeable *Controls movement of materials in/out and out of nucleus . The nucleus contains nearly all of the cell's DNA and with it the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules. Ribosomes Where proteins are assembled They are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. They follow coded instructions that come from the nucleus.

Endoplasmic reticulum- system of internal membranes involved in making proteins. Smooth ER is where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins andother materials that are exported from the cell. The portion of the ER involved int he synthesis of proteins is called rough endoplasmic reticulum. Its is given this name because of the ribosomes found on the its surface. Once proteins leave these ribosomes, they are inserted into the rough ER and can be chemically modified or changed.

*supports /protects cell organelles Cytoplasm both plant/animal *clear, thick, jellylike material and organelles found inside cell membrane *supports /protects cell organelles endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) both plant/animal *network of tubes or membranes *carries materials through cell ribosome both plant/animal *small bodies free or attached to E.R. *produces proteins Mitochondria *bean-shaped with inner membranes *breaks down sugar molecules into energy Vacuole plant - few/large animal - small *fluid-filled sacs *store food, water, waste (plants need to store large amounts of food) Lysosome plant - uncommon animal - common *small, round, with a membrane *breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules *digests old cell parts

Chloroplast plant, not animal *green, oval usually containing chlorophyll (green pigment) *uses energy from sun to make food for the plant (photosynthesis) Golgi bodies (Golgi apparatus) Modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell. Its where the finishing touches are done on proteins before they are ready to leave the "factory" Than proteins are ready to be shipped either in the cell or outside of the cell. In both animal and plant cells