Hazards Planning and Risk Management Recovery and Rehabilitation Lecture No. 11 Disaster Management Cycle Recovery and Rehabilitation Fall 2016 US – Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water

Learning Objectives To understand disaster risk management phases of Recovery and Rehabilitation To identify suitable hazard disaster recovery and rehabilitation measures

Reading Material Introduction to Emergency Management By George Haddow, Jane Bullock, Damon P. Coppola FEMA Training Module: The Emergency Manager – Mitigation Unit 6 (Pdf provided)

Disaster cycle (rather spiral) and its development through time (Mitigation) Source: Dr. Cees Westen ITC Disaster cycle (rather spiral) and its development through time

Recovery Rebuilding, reconstruction, repair of the damages Function by which communities and individual repair, reconstruct or regain what has been lost as a result of a disaster Recovery measures should also reduce the risk in future Many times least organized among other management functions Like response, recovery also is performed within constraint time setting Requires special skills, equipment, resources and personnel Recovery period follows the emergency phase of a disaster

Recovery The recovery function is not so easily classified. This function often begins in the initial hours and days following a disaster event and can continue for months and, in some cases, years, depending on the severity of the event Recovery function has such long-lasting effects and usually high costs Participants include all levels of government, military, the business community, political leadership, community activists, and individuals Unique to each community and depends on the extend of the damages and available resources to cope

Recovery Model Source: E. J. Peters 2010

Actions and Activities Ongoing communication with public Provision of temporary houses or long term shelter Assessment of damages and needs Inspection of damaged structures Demolition of damaged structures Clearance, removal and disposal of debris Repair of damaged structures Source: Coppola

Actions and Activities Rehabilitation of structures New construction Social rehabilitation programs Creation of employment opportunities Reimbursement for property losses Rehabilitation of the injured Reassessment of hazard risk Source: Coppola

Pre-Disaster Recovery Actions Hypothetical and focusing on broad goals than on specific action and procedures Sometimes referred as “Pre-Event Planning for Post-Event Recovery (PEPPER)” Can reduce the risk of haphazard rebuilding Broad goal Example: Reduce vulnerability to electric transmission wires”

Pre-Disaster Recovery Actions Examples: Site selection for long term temporary houses Site selection for temporary business activity Site selection for disposal of debris Emergency needs assessment Volunteers and donation management Mitigation measures and secondary hazard reduction measures

Methods Discuss methods used in disaster/emergency response operations?

Short Term Recovery Restores vital services and systems Immediate and overlaps with response Actions Providing food and shelter to the effected people Providing essential public health and safety services Restoring interrupted utility and other essential services (roads cleared) Reestablishing transportation routes Providing food and shelter for those displaced by the incident

Role of GIS in Short Term Recovery A GIS can play an important role in short-term recovery efforts. One of the most difficult jobs in a disaster is damage assessment Visual Status maps (can be viewed form remote locations): damaged facility, type and amount of damage, number of shelters needed and where they should be located for reasonable access, areas where services have been restored in order to quickly reallocate recovery work to other priority tasks, etc. Source: http://www.geo.umass.edu/courses/geo250/disastermgmt.pdf

Long Term Recovery Restores all services to normal or better condition Restoration of both the personal lives of individuals and the livelihood of the community May involve some of the same actions as of short term Permanent construction or replacement of severely damaged physical structures Full restoration of all services and local infrastructure, and the revitalization of the economy May continue for a number of months or years depending upon the severity of the damages Example: Complete redevelopment of damaged areas Look for American Planning Association entitled Planning for Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction .

Role of GIS in Long Term Recover Long-term plans and progress can be displayed and tracked utilizing a GIS Mapping how and where funds are allocated on GIS http://www.geo.umass.edu/courses/geo250/disastermgmt.pdf

Post Disaster Long Term Recovery Planning Planning before the next disaster strikes It provides the following benefits Identifies the most vulnerable areas of the community Accelerates approval of federal funding for rebuilding in the post disaster environment Anticipates/compensates for regulatory and environmental requirements for rebuilding Minimizes economic and social disruption to the community Maximizes post-disaster funding in the public and private sectors Source: Coppola book

What is Needed for Good Documentation Take pictures of damages and repairs (supplement from private citizens) Take notes on damages and repairs (write or take notes into a tape recorder and transcribe later) Clip and file newspaper reports and stories (if possible get video footage from the TV stations) Record all expenditures carefully with all receipts and invoices Make sure anyone acting on behalf of the jurisdiction does the same Source: Introduction to Disaster Management: Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth (VUSSC) Disaster Management Version 1.0

Source: FEMA: http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/downloads/is1_Unit6.pdf

Disasters as Opportunities for Development Initiatives With a disaster comes disruption and tragedy, but in the aftermath comes opportunity!

Disasters can highlight particular areas of vulnerability Political environment may favor a much higher rate of economic and social change than before, in areas such as land reform, new job training, housing improvements, and restructuring of the economic base Emergency lending for post-disaster investment may be used for restructuring of the economy as a result of a disaster

Damage Assessment Pic sources: http://danswenson.com/paper/katrina.html http://www.thorntontomasetti.com/projects/earthquake_damage/ http://geodata.lib.ncsu.edu/fedgov/noaa/commvuln/htm/dassess3.htm http://www.eurosense.com/documents/your-application/risk-and-security/damage-assessment.xml?lang=en-gb

Preliminary Damage Assessment Estimates of the expenses and damages Amount and type of damage (number of homes destroyed or with major damage) Impact on the infrastructure of affected areas or critical facilities Imminent threats to public health and safety

Preliminary Damage Assessment Impacts to essential government services and functions Dispersion or concentration of damage Assistance available from other sources (federal, local, voluntary organizations) Etc.

Damage Assessment and Reporting Planning: systematic planning for conducting following tasks What/how information to be collected, timeframe and extent Data Collection and Verification Data Analysis: what is important in terms of response

Damage Assessment and Reporting Forecasting: estimates on how the disaster will propagate and predict future potential problems Reporting: sending this information to the relevant users in a timely manner Monitoring: updated assessment with the changing emergency situation

Questions?