Study of objects outside of Earth & its atmosphere.

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Presentation transcript:

Study of objects outside of Earth & its atmosphere. ASTRONOMY Study of objects outside of Earth & its atmosphere. Includes celestial objects such as: Moons; Planets; Stars; Asteroids; Meteors; Comets; & Galaxies

Measuring Distances in the Universe Astronomical unit (AU) Average distance from the Earth to the sun (149 599 000 Km = 1AU) Used to measure large distances (eg between planets)

Measuring Distances in the Universe Light Year (ly) Distance that a photon of light will travel in one year. the speed of light is c = 3.0 x 108m/s (about 63 240 AU) Used to measure distances between stars Closest star Sun 2nd closest star Proxima Centauri (4.25 ly away (272 000 AU))

Astrolabe A two-dimensional model of the celestial sphere. (Greek for “the one who catches the heavenly bodies”) An instrument used to determine: position of celestial objects altitude (height) of any object over the horizon

Applications of Similar Triangles & Parallax

Geometry of Triangles Astronomers use triangles to estimate great distances. As early as 200 BC the Greek philosopher Eratosthenes used triangles to measure the size of our planet He calculated the Earth’s circumference to be 40,000km & its radius to be 6366km Today orbiting satellites calculate the earth’s circumference to be 40,070km & its radius 6378km

Triangulation The process of determining the location of a point by measuring angles to it from known points at either end of a fixed baseline

Parallax: The difference in the apparent position of an object viewed along two different lines of sight

With parallax… If you look at the same star from two different locations on Earth at the same time, nearby stars will appear to shift in position relative to other, more distant stars. Distant Star A baseline Closer Star Distant Star B

OR… you can look at the same star from the same place on Earth… but at 2 different times of the year Science In Action p.450

Triangulation

1st - we need to use our knowledge of parallax… take a measurement of an object in space from 2 points on Earth (or from the same point at 2 different times) that gives us 2 angles for our triangle

2nd - we need to measure the base of our triangle 3rd – we need to understand trigonometry …sometime after grade 9! 

Instead of using trigonometry… we will create a scale diagram to figure out the distance to an object! Let’s try it out…