REVIEW SLIDES

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Chapter 20 REPRODUCTION

When sperm meets the egg, this is called…

When sperm meets the egg, this is called fertilization.

The formation of eggs is referred to as ___________.

The formation of eggs is referred to as oogenesis_.

The formation of sperm is called

The formation of sperm is called spermatogenesis.

What is a fetus? (How many weeks)?

What is a fetus. A fetus is after the embryonic stage What is a fetus? A fetus is after the embryonic stage. Fetus (9 – 38 weeks) Embryo (1-8 weeks)

Describe endometriosis

Describe endometriosis Endometriosis is a disorder in which tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus — the endometrium — grows outside the uterus. Endometriosis most commonly involves the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the tissue lining the pelvis. Rarely, endometrial tissue may spread beyond pelvic organs.

Describe androgen insensitivity syndrome

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is when a person who is genetically male (who has one X and one Y chromosome) is resistant to male hormones (called androgens). As a result, the person has some or all of the physical traits of a woman, but the genetic makeup of a man.

Describe uterine fibroids (leiomyomas)

Describe uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) Clinical application p. 723 Benign tumors in uterine smooth muscle Composed of muscle cells Stimulated by estradiol and progesterone May extend into peritoneal cavity Symptoms: bleeding, miscarriage, incontinence, Found in 70 – 80% of women by the age of 50

Amniocentesis is…

Amniocentesis Samples from the amniotic fluid can help diagnose genetic abnormalities such as Down syndrome. Samples are taken at week 16

Human chorionic gonadotropin, produced by the trophoblast, serves to suppress

Human chorionic gonadotropin, produced by the trophoblast, serves to suppress ovulation. It keeps the corpus luteum alive, and the corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone which have a negative feedback on the pituitary’s production of GnRH.

Describe the action of viagra on the molecules of smooth muscle. Viagra leads to smooth muscle relaxation and the dilation of blood vessels to maintain erection. Viagra ensures that ____________ molecule does not get degraded.

Describe the action of viagra on the molecules of smooth muscle. Viagra leads to smooth muscle relaxation and the dilation of blood vessels to maintain erection. Viagra ensures that ___cGMP_____ molecule does not get degraded.

Fig. 20.21 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Cyclic GMP is a smooth muscle relaxant that cannot be degraded in the presence of VIAGRA (which inhibits PDE) Parasympathetic axon Parasympathetic axon ACh Stimulates eNOS Vascular endothelial cell L-Arginine O2 NO Nitric oxide 1 GTP Activates guanylate cyclase Vascular smooth muscle cell 3 Decreased cytoplasmic Ca2+ Inhibits PDE cGMP Smooth muscle relaxes Viagra 5' GMP Engorgement of erectile tissue 2 Ca2+ channels close Ca2+ Erection

Describe the journey of the egg and fertilization in the fallopian tube.

Fig. 20.41 Cleavage Zygote 8-cell stage 4-cell stage 2-cell stage Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. Cleavage Zygote 8-cell stage 4-cell stage 2-cell stage Egg cell nucleus Morula Sperm cell nucleus Sperm cells Fertilization Blastocyst Ovary Ovulation Corpus luteum Maturing follicle Secondary oocyte Implanted blastocyst

Human chorionic gonadotropin, produced by the trophoblast, serves to suppress

Human chorionic gonadotropin, produced by the trophoblast, serves to suppress ovulation