Welcome Back. Thursday, August 29, 2013 Do Now: List the steps of the scientific method What does every conclusion need to have? On the back of your index card: How do you feel about this class so far? How do you feel about Ms. Fields & her teaching style? Questions, comments or concerns

What is “good science”? Scientific knowledge must be shared, which allows other scientists to repeat and verify the work of others (peer review). Scientific knowledge is tentative. Theories are the most logical explanation based on current evidence, become stronger as more evidence is gathered, and give us a basis for prediction. Laws are universal generalizations that are virtually unchanging.

Module 1: How to Define Life The Nature of Biology Module 1: How to Define Life

Is it Living? From the list below, write down the things that you think are considered “living”. tree rock fire boy wind rabbit cloud grass seed egg bacteria cell molecule feather sun potato leaf fossil river butter dog mushroom computer rock pollen

Is it Living? Explain your thinking. What “rule” or reasoning did you use to decide if something could be considered living?

Is it Living? From the list below, write down the things that you think are considered “living”. tree rock fire boy wind rabbit cloud grass seed egg bacteria cell molecule feather sun potato leaf fossil river butter dog mushroom computer rock fish

Characteristics of Life: Is it alive? Biology means the study of (-ology) all life (bio-) Includes many branches: 1. Microbiology: The study of microorganisms 2. Ecology: The study of living things and their environment 3. Cytology: The study of cells 4. Genetics: The study of heredity 5. Oncology: The study of cancer 6. Botany: The study of plants

Characteristics of Life: How do you know something is alive? Made Up of Cells All living things are made of cells. One-celled organism – unicellular Many-celled organism - multicellular

Characteristics of Life: How do you know something is alive? 2. Energy Use Organisms must make energy to construct building blocks in the body Metabolism – all chemical reactions in an organism Examples: Synthesis – to build molecules Break down molecules (nutrition) Transport nutrients Cellular respiration – produce energy

Characteristics of Life: How do you know something is alive? 3. Reproduction Organisms must replace themselvesso the entire species will survive. Asexual Reproduction: only one individual contributes genetic material Sexual Reproduction: two individuals contribute genes.

Characteristics of Life: How do you know something is alive? 4. Growth and Development Growth – to increase in size. Increases the number of cells of a multi-cellular organism. Development – change that takes place in structure and function of an organism during its life cycle. Example: Embryo becomes a fetus

Characteristics of Life: How do you know something is alive? 5. Response to Environment A quick, non-permanent change Stimulus – any condition that causes an organism to react. Example – A loud noise (stimulus) causes your dog to run under the bed (response).

Characteristics of Life: How do you know something is alive? 6. Maintaining Internal Balance Homeostasis: the regulation of an organism’s internalenvironment tomaintain conditions suitable for life Ex: Getting rid of wastes by excretion

Characteristics of Life: How do you know something is alive? 6. Maintaining Internal Balance Adaptation: inherited structure, behavior, or internal process that enables organisms to better survive an environment. Ex: Gills on a fish

Life Processes: STERNGRR Synthesis – making materials Transport – moving materials Excretion – getting rid of wastes Respiration – gas exchange AND production of energy (ATP) Nutrition – gaining and using energy from food Growth and Development – getting bigger and/or changing Regulation – controlling internal processes Reproduction – producing new cells or new organisms

STERNGRR S T E R N G Activity: STERNGRR Round Robin

Life Processes: STERNGRR Synthesis How and what do they make? T Transport How do they move materials? E Excretion How do they remove waste? R Respiration How do they make ATP energy? N Nutrition How do they make or get food? G Growth & Development How do they grow and develop? Regulation How do they maintain homeostasis? Reproduction How do they reproduce?

How and what does an organism make? Synthesis How and what does an organism make? Organisms build big things from little things. Protein Synthesis: All organisms do this with ribosomes Two types involving energy to make food: Photosynthesis- use light energy 18

How does an organism move materials? Transport How does an organism move materials? Transport includes: Absorption for single cells diffusion osmosis Circulation for many cells circulatory system 19

How does an organism get rid of waste? Excretion How does an organism get rid of waste? Diffusion, Osmosis Organs, Organ Systems 20

How does an organism get ATP energy from glucose? Respiration How does an organism get ATP energy from glucose? Two types: Anaerobic: does NOT use oxygen Pyruvic acid Alocohol fermentation  CO2 Aerobic: uses oxygen O2  CO2 Organs and Organ Systems involved in gas exchange 21

How does an organism make or eat food? Nutrition How does an organism make or eat food? Living things MUST obtain energy and material from the environment Two ways to get energy: Autotroph: make their own food (glucose) Heterotroph: cannot make their own food (glucose) Two ways to get material: Producers: get carbon from CO2 Consumers: get carbon from producers 22

Growth and Development How does an organism grow and develop? Involves an increase in: Number of cells (multicellular) Size of cells (unicellular) Development is a change in form from child to adult. EX: puberty in humans Extreme development - metamorphosis EX: insects, frogs 23

How does an organism maintain homeostasis? Regulation How does an organism maintain homeostasis? Internal feedback mechanisms (internal thermostat, stimuli) 24

How does an organism reproduce? Reproduction How does an organism reproduce? Involves producing more organisms of the same kind Sexual vs. Asexual Internal vs. External Fertilization Egg vs. Live Birth 25