Bell ringer- get ready for your quiz Remember quiz expectations No talking until the quizzes have been collected When you are finished sit quietly until the quizzes are collected No electronics or notes of any kind You will have 20 minutes for 15 questions

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5L3pzIii9c

DNA is universal and common to almost all living things! We all have DNA! CFU: What do we mean by universal?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Sound like a scientist! What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DNA Fun Fact! You have about 9 million kilometers of DNA. That's enough to reach to the moon and back 13 times!  How can we fit all of that in our cells?!

Key Point #1: Structure __________ _________ _________ ________

Key Point #2- There are four types of nucleotides Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine bonds with guanine (C-G) Adenine bonds with thymine (A-T)

Base Pairing Percentages The nitrogen base adenine makes up 20% of a DNA molecule. What percent would thymine make up? ________________ The nitrogen base guanine makes up 45% of a DNA molecule. What percent would cytosine make up? ________________ The nitrogen base guanine makes up 20% of a DNA molecule. What percent would adenine make up?_________________

DNA Fun Fact! Any two unrelated strangers anywhere on the planet share 99.9 percent of the same DNA. A miniscule fraction of the genome—about 3 million of its over 3 billion bases—accounts for the vast differences within the human race. “But wait! How can DNA be the same in every organism but create so much genetic variety?”

Good Point… KEY POINT #3 The structure of DNA allows it to be a common system – a UNIVERSAL CODE KEY POINT #4 The structure of DNA is always the same but the order of the nucleotides codes for different genes.

“Wow. DNA is so cool. But what happens when we need more of it “Wow. DNA is so cool! But what happens when we need more of it? Like, when a cell divides? Good point Willow Smith. Remember during mitosis and meiosis when we needed to replicate the DNA?

Key Point #5-DNA must be replicated in order to transmit and conserve genetic information.

How does DNA Copy itself? DNA Replication when the DNA molecule separates into two strands, then produces 2 new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing. Each strand of the double helix of DNA serves as a template for the new strand. When DNA replicates it produces two DNA molecules that are identical Each new strand has one of the original strands. DNA Replication 1 DNA 2 DNA

KEY POINT #6 DNA Replication is semi-conservative, one strand is new and one is old

KEY POINT #7 DNA Replication happens in three steps Unzip the DNA. Enzymes add free nucleotides. Enzymes bond and double check the new DNA.

Proteins carry out the process of replication. DNA serves only as a template. Enzymes and other proteins do the actual work of replication. Enzymes unzip the double helix. Free-floating nucleotides form hydrogen bonds with the template strand. nucleotide The DNA molecule unzips in both directions.

DNA polymerase enzymes bond the nucleotides together to form the double helix. Polymerase enzymes form covalent bonds between nucleotides in the new strand. DNA polymerase new strand nucleotide

How it relates to transmission and conservation of genetic information Let’s practice Original DNA Strand _______________________________________________ A T C G A T A G C T

How it relates to transmission and conservation of genetic information Let’s practice Original DNA Strand _______________________________________________ A T C G A T A G C T

How it relates to transmission and conservation of genetic information Let’s practice Original DNA Strand / New Strand _______________________________________________ A T C G A T A G C T A T C G A T A G C T

How it relates to transmission and conservation of genetic information Let’s practice Original DNA Strand / New Strand _______________________________________________ A T C G A T A G C T

Key Point #8- Two new molecules of DNA are formed, (TRANSMISSION) each with an original strand and a newly formed strand (CONSERVATION). original strand new strand Two molecules of DNA

Explain What’s Happening Below C - G A - T

Lab time Work in lab groups to complete the lab You must have the teacher initial your original DNA structure before you move on to the replication stage Don’t eat the candy- its old. When you are done I have new candy for you. Make sure you complete the lab questions and clean up your area. Points will be taken off if I have to clean up after you.

Exit Ticket- complete silently and independently

Home Learning Complete the DNA Replication practice worksheet, due next class.