Lesson 3 Expanding the Push for Equality An Era of Change (1960-1980) Lesson 3 Expanding the Push for Equality

Lesson 3 Expanding the Push for Equality An Era of Change (1960-1980) Lesson 3 Expanding the Push for Equality Learning Objectives Analyze the causes of the growth of the Latino population after World War II. Evaluate significant leaders and the methods they used to achieve equality in political rights for Latinos. Evaluate the means by which Native Americans sought to expand their rights. Describe the expansion of rights for consumers and the disabled. Hector P. Garcia Cesar Chavez migrant farmworkers Dolores Huerta United Farm Workers (UFW) Chicano movement American Indian Movement (AIM) Japanese American Citizens League Ralph Nader

The Latino Presence Grows During the 1960’s, the Latino population in the U.S. grew from 3 million to more than 9 million. Better paying jobs Opportunity at equality Escape oppression Latinos of Varied Origins Mexican Americans- Southwest Southern California Braceros- temporary workers (WWII program) Out stayed their VISA permits and looked for work 1965 – Immigration and Nationality ACT eliminates immigration quotas for immigrants Cubans- NY; fled because of Castro Barrios- Spanish-speaking neighborhoods

Latinos Fight for Change Farm Worker Movement Cultural Change Political Power Cesar Chavez UFWOC “Brown Power” Chicanos MAPA LA Razda Unida

Fight Against Latino Discrimination Hector P. Garcia Latino WWII veteran who battled for racial equality for Latino’s Formed the American G.I. Forum Demanded better working conditions Fair salaries and wages Equal educational opportunities Federal protection for their right to vote Elect people to represent their interests

Latino Organizations Fight for Rights Cesar Chavez, leader of United Farm Workers, helped to improve working conditions that migrants faced on the fruit and vegetable farms where they worked.

César Chávez Prominent union leader and labor organizer. Hardened by his early experience as a migrant worker, Civil Rights leader Union recognition Working rights/conditions California Farm workers Chavez founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962.  Helped fight for Latino Farmers equality  Stressing nonviolent methods, Chavez drew attention for his causes via boycotts, marches and hunger strikes. 

Cultural Pride The Chicano Movement Three Goals Collective Hispanic Identify “not to emulate the Anglo” Three Goals 1. restoral of land 2. rights for farm workers Farmers/Grape workers strike Sen. Robert F. Kennedy supported strike 3. education reforms Bilingual education/ Latino teachers  Mendez v. Westminster Supreme Court—was a 1947 case that prohibited segregating Latino schoolchildren from white children U.S. Supreme Court declared it unlawful to keep students who couldn’t speak English from getting an education. Equal Opportunity Act of 1974, which resulted in the implementation of more bilingual education programs in public schools.

Latino Immigration Surges Analyze Data Based on the information in the chart, how much did the Latino population increase in the United States between 1970 and 2010?

Native Americans Struggle for Equality Native Americans are sometimes viewed as a single homogeneous group, despite the hundreds of distinct Native American tribes and nations in the U.S. Indian Self-Deter. Education Act Trail of Broken Treaties Am. Indian Movement (AIM) Declaration of Indian Purpose Native Americans

Native American Disadvantages Reservations US Gov’t forced N.A. on reservations Policy shifted from Reservations to Assimilation Forced Native Americans off reservations Business owners wanted access to “rich land” 1954-1962 withdrew financial assistance from 61 reservations Unemployment Poorest Minority group 70-80% unemployment Education Inadequate education Death/Disease Death rate 3x higher than any other group Highest disease rate/ lack medical services Alcoholism High alcoholism rates

Native Americans Fight for Equality Native American History Oppression by US Government Expansion, force into territories Trail of Tears Seek autonomy (control over themselves) Govern and control their own tribes Inequality High unemployment rate, increasing death rate, unequal education 1961- Declaration of Indian Purpose 61 tribes meet in Chicago Create economic/educational/health equality for Native Americans Include Native Americans in the “war on poverty” Until 1935, Native American people could be fined and sent to prison for practicing their traditional religious beliefs

Native American Movement American Indian Movement Focus on securing lands for Native Americans Legal rights Self-Government for Native Americans. 1972 – Trail of Broken Treaties March on Washington Protect treatment of Indians Indian Education Act 1972 Tribes have greater control over their own affairs Religious, land, governing, economy Education  Native Americans are citizens of their tribal nations as well as the United States "domestic dependent nations“ Sovereign territories

Native American Activism American Indians occupy Island of Alcatraz (1969) Sioux tribe stated the land belonged to their tribe. US Coast Guard evicted them. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee Best-selling book – raised awareness about historic mistreatment of Native Americans. Chapter in book described the 1890 Massacre of Wounded Knee Mendez v. Westminster Supreme Court—was a 1947 case that prohibited segregating Latino schoolchildren from white children Delgado v. Bastrop I.S.D – ended segregation in Texas public schools. Indian Self – Determination Act 1975 Tribes have a greater influence over education on reservations

Asian Americans Fight Discrimination Japanese Americans Citizens League (formed in 1920’s) Formed to protect Japanese citizens’ Rights Worked for compensation for lost property during WWII interment camps Civil Liberties Act 1988 acknowledges the unconstitutionality of wartime interment and gives $ 20,000 to each surviving detainee.

Activists Win Rights for Consumers and the Disabled Consumer rights movement reemerges in 1960’s Ralph Nader publishes Unsafe at Any Speed, which attacked car makers for making unsafe cars Begins federal mandates for car safety – National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act 1966 Seat belts and other safety procedures Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Workplace safety and health regulations People with Disabilities Veterans from Korea and Vietnam work to change perceptions of disabled “Panel on Mental Retardation” – Gov’t could help people with intellectual disabilities Eunice Shiver Athletic camp for people with disabilities Special Olympics.