Warm Up **Complete on a separate sheet of paper and turn in to the purple bin on the back table. Identify two examples of characteristics you would find on each of the following types of maps: Physical Political Thematic

Internal & External forces shaping the earth Unit 1 Day 3 Chapter 2 Section 3 and 4

What are internal forces? Forces that reshape the Earth’s surface from the inside

Plate tectonics They are large moving pieces of the Earth’s lithosphere Fault line- rocks crack under pressure from plate movement 4 types of plate movement: Divergent- plates move apart, spread out horizontally Convergent: Subduction- one plate pushes under another plate Convergent: Collision- plates push together and create mountains Transform- plates slide past each other causing earthquakes

Earthquakes Two plates grind or slip past one another Changes are noticeable Richter scale- measures an earthquake’s magnitude Interesting Fact: 1,000s of earthquakes occur a year, but most people don’t feel them Thousands of earthquakes occur a year but most people do not feel them Richter scale measures them Aftershocks occur and can continue for days after the earthquake

Tsunamis A giant wave in the ocean Caused by earthquakes Creates waves of 50-100 feet or more Can travel up to 450 mph

Volcanoes Occurs when a crack in the Earth’s surface forms Found along tectonic plate boundaries Magma, gases, and water from underground chambers pour out Magma becomes lava when it reaches the surface Ring of Fire- location of the vast majority of active volcanoes Can be active for many years and then stop. Can remain inactive for hundreds of years before becoming active again. Ring of Fire is the location of the vast majority of active volcanoes.

What are external forces? Forces that alter the surface of the Earth with wind, heat, cold, glaciers, and floods

weathering Changes the characteristics of rocks on the surface Slow process that can take years or centuries Two types of weathering: Mechanical- changes only the size of the rocks Chemical- changed into a new substance (ex. iron rusting) Breaks it into smaller pieces, human activities and plant growth can cause this Some minerals react to oxygen and begin to crumble. Some break down when mixed with water. Warm moist areas create more chemical than dry areas, which create mechanical.

Weathered material is moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity erosion Weathered material is moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity Three types of erosion: Water Wind Glacier Water: Can move materials in a current or grind away parts Wind: Transports sediment to other locations and can create new landmasses Glacier: Large, long lasting ice that moves because of gravity ( move from highest point to lowest point) and slowly change the landscape

1. Explain the four types of plate movement. On your own paper, answer the following questions. Write in complete sentences!!!! 1. Explain the four types of plate movement. 2. How are faults created? 3. What is erosion? What are the different types of erosion? 4. When does a volcano occur? 5. How do earthquakes cause damage? 6. What is a tsunami? Explain in detail. 7. Explain the two types of weathering.