1. Oral Stage 2. Anal Stage 3. Phallic Stage 4. Latency Stage 5. Genital Stage The Trait Approach described personality, but it doesn’t attempt to figure out how it is developed. That’s the difference between the Trait approach and Freud’s psychoanalytic theories. Freud believed that personality develops through a series of 5 stages. These stages begin at birth and continue to shape human personality through adolescence. So a major part of personality, Freud believed is developed through childhood. The 5 stages of personality are: oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital. Children are said to encounter conflicts during each stage. If he conflicts were not resolved, Fred believed that the child might become fixated, or stuck at an early stage of development. The child would then carry that stage’s traits into adulthood. Thus, Freud believed that an adult’s psychological problems might actually stem from unresolved childhood conflicts. Pleasure, be it sensual or sexual, must be gratified at each stage. If deprived of pleasure (or allowed to much gratification from the part of the body that dominates a certain stage, some sexual energy will remain permanently tied to that part of the body. This is called fixation..

1. Oral stage - 1st year Receive pleasure through their mouths(food). If a child’s needs are not met they become fixated=stuck in this stage. - Adults, fixated in this stage, may overeat, smoke, or other excessive oral problems.

2. Anal stage - 1.5 -2.5 yrs. Children learn their ability to control certain bodily functions. • Conflict during this stage leads to two set of adult personalities: • Anal retentive - clean, stubborn & compulsive • Anal expulsive - reckless, careless, unorganized

3. Phallic Stage 3 - 5 yrs - Children notice gender differences. - Penis Envy - Girls envy boys thus, want phallic things - attached to parent of opposite sex - see same sex parent as rival. - Oedipus conflict - Electra complex Identification - Boys assume the behavior of their fathers. Reasons: 1. become like people they fear so no conflict 2. so mother will love boy like she loves father Fixation: confused sexual identity, reckless, narcissistic

5. Genital stage - Puberty – 4. Latency - 5-6 yrs Children repress all their aggressive urges & channel them into school, athletics, friends 5. Genital stage - Puberty – Puberty makes people more aware of gender identity, but earlier conflicts reappear. - strong interest in opposite sex

Is fixated in the oral stage. Your friend Oscar can’t seem to go more than 30 minutes without lighting up a cigarette. Freud would say that he… Is fixated in the oral stage. Time to play Concept Check! Who can name the stage for the following scenarios? Answer: Fixated in the oral stage

Is fixated in the anal stage. Your friend Annie can’t seem to hang on to a cent. She spends her money wildly. Her roommates are always threatening to call the health department because she never cleans up after herself and her room always looks like a “pigsty.” Freud would say that she… Is fixated in the Anal Stage Is fixated in the anal stage.

Activities/Sources of Pleasure Freud’s Five Stages of Development Study Chart Name Date Period Stage Age Activities/Sources of Pleasure Result of Fixation Oral Anal bowel and bladder control Phallic Latency 5-6 years None Genital Take out a sheet a paper and create and complete the following study chart on Freud’s Five Stage of Development. Key: File Name: Day 04B Freud's Stages of Development Chart