Bile Acid Synthesis in Humans Has a Rapid Diurnal Variation That Is Asynchronous With Cholesterol Synthesis  Cecilia Gälman, Bo Angelin, Mats Rudling  Gastroenterology  Volume 129, Issue 5, Pages 1445-1453 (November 2005) DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.09.009 Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Diurnal variation of C4/chol (black circles) and triglycerides (TG; gray triangles) in 5 healthy volunteers (A–E). Lower right-hand panel: All diurnal C4/chol data from subjects A–E presented as the percentage change from the mean over the day in each individual (mean ± SEM). Arrows indicate standard meals that were ingested at 9:00 am, noon, and 6:00 pm. Significant differences compared with the last sampling are indicated (*P < .05; **P < .01). Gastroenterology 2005 129, 1445-1453DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2005.09.009) Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Cholesterol, triglyceride, and C4 content in lipoproteins after separation of concentrated lipoproteins from serum from 3 subjects by fast performance liquid chromatography (FPLC) as described in Materials and Methods. Data (mean) are expressed as respective percentage of the total content in all fractions. Bars indicate SEM. VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein. Gastroenterology 2005 129, 1445-1453DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2005.09.009) Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Serum concentration of C4/chol (black circles) and triglycerides (TG; gray triangles) in 4 healthy subjects (A–D) during acute fast from 9:00 am to 4:00 pm. (Bottom panel) Mean C4/chol and triglyceride data from subjects A–D presented as percentage change from mean ± SEM over the day in each individual (C4/chol fasting and TG fasting). For comparison, the mean data from Figure 1 are also shown shaded (C4/chol.) Gastroenterology 2005 129, 1445-1453DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2005.09.009) Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Diurnal changes of serum C4/chol in 3 cholecystectomized subjects (F–H). Arrows indicate meals that were ingested at 9:00 am, midnight, and 6:00 pm. (Lower right panel) Percentage change of daily mean (obtained from all measures per individual). Gastroenterology 2005 129, 1445-1453DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2005.09.009) Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Diurnal variation of serum BA (gray triangles) and C4/chol (black circles) in the 5 healthy volunteers (subjects A–E) described in the legend for Figure 1. (Lower right hand panel) All diurnal BA and C4/chol data from subjects A–E presented as percentage change from the mean over the day in each individual (mean ± SEM). For comparison, the mean BA data from the 4 subjects during acute fast are also shown. C4/chol (gray circles), BA (gray triangles), and BA during acute fast (open squares) are shown. Arrows indicate standard meals that were ingested at 9:00 am, noon, and 6:00 pm. Gastroenterology 2005 129, 1445-1453DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2005.09.009) Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Diurnal variation of serum concentration of lathosterol/cholesterol data of 4 of the 5 healthy subjects (B–E) described in the legend to Figure 1. (Bottom panel) Percentage change from the mean over the day in each individual (mean ± SEM; obtained from all measures per individual). Significant differences compared with the last sampling are indicated (**P < .01). Gastroenterology 2005 129, 1445-1453DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2005.09.009) Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions