Chapter 16 Nationalism Around the World

Lesson 1 Nationalism in the Middle East Chapter 16 Lesson 1 Nationalism in the Middle East

Decline of the Ottoman Empire • During the 1800s, the Ottoman Empire lost its territory in Northern Africa and much of its territory in Europe. • In 1876 reformers set up a constitutional monarchy, but the sultan suspended the constitution. • In 1908 reformers called the Young Turks restored the constitution but failed to stabilize the government. • During World War I, Arabia declared its independence from Ottoman rule, and Britain seized Palestine from the Ottomans.

Lesson 2 Nationalism in Africa and Asia Chapter 16 Lesson 2 Nationalism in Africa and Asia

African Independence Leaders Country Accomplishments Léopold Senghor Senegal Organized independence movement in Senegal Omar Mukhtar Libya Used guerrilla warfare against Italy Jomo Kenyatta Kenya Educated in Britain; argued that Britain was destroying African culture Nnamdi Azikiwe Nigeria Began a newspaper and encouraged nonviolence in seeking independence

Two Paths Toward Indian Independence Mohandas K. Gandhi Jawaharlal Nehru Style of nationalism Religious, pro-Indian, traditional approach Secular, pro-Western, modern approach Tactics for achieving independence Called for civil disobedience: peaceful refusal to obey unjust laws Intellectual approach to achieving independence Example of approach Led “Salt March” to protest British policies regarding salt Led 1929 meeting of Indian National Congress that called for complete independence from Britain

Lesson 3 Revolutionary Chaos in China Chapter 16 Lesson 3 Revolutionary Chaos in China

Spread of Marxism in Asia Roles of the Comintern and Ho Chi Minh: • Comintern, or Communist International, was organized in Russia in 1919 to advance Communist revolutions around the world. o Trained agents in Moscow and sent them back to their home countries to form Communist parties o Achieved greatest successes in China and French Indochina • In French Indochina, Ho Chi Minh organized Vietnamese Communists in the 1920s

Chiang Kai-shek's Attempts at Reform • Started massive road-building project • Repaired and extended China's railroad system • Opened new factories • Established national bank • Improved education system • Started unsuccessful land-reform program

Nationalist-Communist Alliance

Rise of Militarism in Japan • Economic hardships after World War I lead to calls for a return from Western practices to Japanese traditions. • Extremist patriotic groups form in early 1930s. • Pressure grows to obtain raw materials by seizing territory abroad. • Group of army officers successfully invade Manchuria without government approval. • Strong popular support for military successes leads to gain in power for military. • With support of emperor, Japan is put on wartime status, and military draft law is passed.

Lesson 4 Nationalism in Latin America Chapter 16 Lesson 4 Nationalism in Latin America