The Present Perfect Continuous Tense Tvorba i upotreba

Present Perfect Continuous se tvori na slijedeći način: subjekt +  pomoćni glagol + pomoćni glagol + glavni glagol have / has + been + osnova + ing I have been waiting …..

Kada i kako koristimo the Present Perfect Continuous Tense? Ovo se vrijeme naziva the present perfect continuous tense. Iz samog naziva zaključujemo da to vrijeme povezuje present (sadašnjost) i perfect (prošlost). K tomu još dodajmo i continuous (trajnost), pa logično zaključujemo da opisujemo radnju koja neprekidno traje od prošlosti do sada. U osnovi the present perfect continuous tense koristimo u dva slučaja:

1- Radnja koja je ovaj čas završila ili upravo završava The present perfect continuous tense koristimo za opisivanje radnje koja je započela u prošlosti i upravo je završila. Obično je kao rezultat toga vidljiva posljedica. Primjeri: I'm tired [now] because I've been running. Why is the grass wet [now]? Has it been raining? You don't understand [now] because you haven't been listening.

I have been reading for two hours. 2. Radnja koja je započela u prošlosti i još uvijek traje The present perfect continuous tense koristimo da opišemo radnju koja je započela u prošlosti i još uvijek traje. Pri tomu vrlo često koristimo riječi for i since. for = koliko dugo? since = od kada I have been reading for two hours. Past 10:00 AM Present 12:00 PM Čitam već dva sata. Počeo sam čitati prije dva sata (prošlost) i još uvijek čitam (sadašnjost).

Zapamti! Present Perfect Simple u našemu jeziku uglavnom prevodimo našim prošlim vremenom: I have seen this movie many times. - Gledao sam ovaj film puno puta. I have broken my arm. – Slomio sam ruku. Present Perfect Continuous u našemu ćemo jeziku uvijek prevesti našim sadašnjim vremenom: I have been waiting for you for 2 hours. – Čekam te već 2 sata. I have been studying English for 8 years. – Učim engleski 8 godina.

Zapamti! Bez obzira radi li se o radnji koja je upravo završila ili još uvijek traje, POSLJEDICE moraju biti vidljive u trenutku dok pričamo o njima. I have been running for 3 hours. I am tired now. Umoran sam sada – zašto? Pa zato što evo trčim već 3 sata i ovaj čas sam prestao, jer sam se umorio.

It has been raining! Pada kiša! Možda ovaj čas više ne pada, ali padala je do sada – kako znamo? Pa vidimo bare, koje su svuda naokolo.

They have been travelling lately. U zadnje vrijeme puno putuju. Kako znamo? Pa vidimo još neraspakiran kofer obljepljen svim vrstama naljepnica.

They’ve been working on the road.

Bart has been writing on the board.

Evo još nekih primjera the present perfect continuous tense-a: subject auxiliary verb main verb + I have been waiting for an hour You talking to much - We not playing football It has raining ? Have you seeing her? Has raining? crying?

Pogledajmo ove primjere: I have been reading for 2 hours. [I am still reading now.] We've been studying since 9 o'clock. [We're still studying now.] How long have you been learning English? [You are still learning now.] She has been waiting for an hour.[She ´s still wating.]

For i Since s Present Perfect Continuous Tense-om Uz ovo vrijeme vrlo često koristimo dvije riječi: for i since for znači koliko dugo – for 5 minutes, for 2 weeks, for 6 years. since znači od kada – since 9 o'clock, since 1st January, since Monday.

FOR ili SINCE for since Vrijeme trajanja ( koliko dugo ) Od kada ( kada je radnja započela) 20 minutes 6.15 PM Three days Monday Six months January Four years 1994 Two centuries 1800 A long time I was born ever I left school itd.

Evo nekoliko primjera: I have been studying for 3 hours. I have been watching TV since 7pm. Tara hasn't been feeling well for 2 weeks. Tara hasn't been visiting us since March. He has been playing football for a long time. He has been living in Bangkok since he left school.

That’s all! Thanks! Author. Teacher – Branislav Nadaš