CANADA’S POPULATION PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO DEMOGRAPHICS

AGENDA Defining Demographics How Do Populations Change? Studying Populations Historical Trends in Population Growth Immigration in Canada

WHAT ARE DEMOGRAPHICS? Demographics are statistical data relating to populations and groups within populations. Demographics helps to answer questions like: Why is the population growing so much faster today than 10 years ago? Why are more schools closing than opening? Why will you likely have to work more years than your parents before retiring? Why are old rock-and-roll groups, such as the Rolling Stones, still so popular? What are some reasons this might be useful?

Q: What important connection is there between population and resources? A: Population growth places strain on the food, water, and energy resources of a country.

The percentage of one of these two age groups in Canada is increasing The percentage of one of these two age groups in Canada is increasing. Which one is it? Why?

DEMOGRAPHERS USE RATES… Births per day in Canada: 1,070 Population: ~35m (2016) Births per day in Russia: 4,490 Population: ~146m (2016) Which country is growing the fastest due to births?

DEMOGRAPHERS USE RATES… In order to compare the births in each country, we use the Birth Rate. Birth Rate = # of births per year x 1,000 total population Canada: Russia: 390,550 x 1,000 1,638,850 x 1,000 35,000,000 146,000,000 ≈ 11 births / 1,000 people ≈ 11 births / 1,000 people

DEMOGRAPHIC VOCABULARY Demographics uses many different terms to describe important pieces of data. Complete the “demographic vocabulary worksheet” using the textbook, the internet, or your own knowledge. HOMEWORK (PART A): Read pages 212 to 215 in your Text. Answer questions 1 – 4 on page 214.

HOW DO POPULATIONS CHANGE? Populations change in 4 ways: Natural Change: (1) births and (2) deaths Migration: (3) immigration and (4) emigration

HOW DO POPULATIONS CHANGE? Natural Change (births and deaths): Birth Rate = # of births per year x 1,000 total population Death Rate = # of deaths per year x 1,000 The difference between births and deaths is the Natural Increase Rate. Thus: Natural Increase Rate = Birth Rate – Death Rate

HOW DO POPULATIONS CHANGE? Migration (immigration and emigration): Immigration Rate = # of immigrants per year x 1,000 total population Emigration Rate = # of emigrants per year x 1,000 The difference between immigration and emigration is the Migration Rate. Thus: Migration Rate = Immigration Rate – Emigration Rate

HOW DO POPULATIONS CHANGE? The total population growth can be determined by adding natural increase rate and net migration rate. A Canadian Example (2013 – 2014 data): Population: 35,160,000 Births: 388,729 Deaths: 268,056 Immigration: 258,953 Emigration: 48,303 What was Canada’s overall growth in 2014?

HOW DO POPULATIONS CHANGE? The answers! Birth Rate: 11.0 / 1000 people Death Rate: 7.6 / 1000 people Natural Increase Rate: 3.4 / 1000 people Immigration Rate: 7.4 / 1000 people Emigration Rate: 1.4 / 1000 people Net Migration Rate: 6 / 1000 people Total Population Growth: (9.4 / 1000) = 0.94% NOTE: the slash indicates “per” 1000 people, it is not a “divide by” symbol!

DOUBLING TIME Doubling Time is the amount of time it takes for a population to double in size. It can be estimated using the “rule of 70”. RULE OF 70: Doubling Time = 70 ÷ Population Growth Rate (in %) What is Canada’s Doubling Time? Answer: 70 ÷ 0.94 ≈ 74 years

STUDYING POPULATIONS One of the best ways to compare populations of different countries is with population pyramids. Population pyramids are paired horizontal bar graphs with females on the right…

STUDYING POPULATIONS …and males on the left. Both sides show the percentages of people in each age grouping.

What can this population pyramid graph tell us? male population female population population (in millions) age group What can this population pyramid graph tell us?

STUDYING POPULATIONS Putting the two sides together can allow you to easily compare a country’s population for different years (or to compare different countries).

STUDYING POPULATIONS The dependency load is the part of the population that needs to be supported. It is made up of two components: the 0 –14 age group and the 65+ age group.

STUDYING POPULATIONS What happened to the dependency load between 1956 and 2004? Why? What is the significance of this change? HOMEWORK (PART B): Textbook: p. 233 – 235 Answer: Questions 3 & 4, p. 233 Question 2, p. 235