Reconquista to Conquest

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Reconquista to Conquest Spanish America Reconquista to Conquest

The Caribbean Crucible Columbus establishes Hispaniola Puerto Rico, Cuba, Panama, & northeastern coast of S. America under Spanish control Encomienda & Encomendero = use of natives for work & exploitation Gold hunting, slaving, & disease depopulated the islands Few fortified ports Havana, Santo Domingo, & San Juan Disease & conquest annihilated natives of Caribbean Leads to importation of African slaves

Mexico Hernan Cortes (1519) Attack Aztecs in 1520 Enlist defeated peoples Cortez reaches Tenochtitlan & kills Moctezuma II By 1521 the Aztec Empire was done Disease contributes to the collapse

Peru (Inca) Francisco Pizarro Incas weakened by civil war Pizarro meets Atahualpa which will lead to Atahualpa’s death By 1540 most of Peru under Spanish control

Chile Pedro de Valdivia Buenos Aires in 1536 Establishes Santiago in 1541 Buenos Aires in 1536 Abandoned and refounded in 1580 due to resistance of natives

Exploitation of the Indians Old Indian religions and priestly caste eliminated Encomienda's given to individual conquerors of regions Allowed to use Indians for work and taxing them Destructive to Indian society Use of Indian serfs decline in 17th century and focus moves to land Bartolome de Las Casas Bureaucrat turned priest Initiates struggle for justice