TOPIC 1:TECTONIC PROCESSES AND HAZARDS (Lesson 20)

Recap: The topic is divided into three enquiry questions…. 1. Why are some locations more at risk from tectonic hazards? 2. Why do some tectonic hazards develop into disasters? 3. How successful is the management of tectonic hazards and disasters?

How successful is the management of tectonic hazards and disasters? ENQUIRY QUESTION 3: How successful is the management of tectonic hazards and disasters?

COURSE REQUIREMENT: SYNOPTIC THEMES FOR PAPER 3.. What does Synoptic mean? It means thinking like a geographer… ‘wrapping all aspects of the course up together…’

There are 3 synoptic themes Highlight….. Paper 3 is a synoptic investigation which will link explicitly (directly) or implicitly ( indirectly) to three key themes and will incorporate KEY ELEMENTS for ALL CORE TOPICS STUDIED. You need to know what each theme is….. Players (P) What do we mean by this ? Who are these ‘players’ in the context of tectonic hazards and disasters? Players include individuals, groups and organisations (‘stake holders’) involved in geographical issues and decisions. Some players could have a greater influence than others ( issues of inequality) such as national and local government, non government organisations(NGOs) etc…

2. ATTITUDES AND ACTIONS (A) What do you think this means? Why do attitudes to geographical issues vary so greatly and how does this influence actions( policies and choice of strategy and management methods )? Influences on values and attitudes include identity, political and religious views, priority given to profit , importance of social justice, and equality and attitudes towards the natural environment ( conservation and sustainability versus exploitation).

3. Futures and Uncertainties(F) What do you think this means? There are contrasting approaches when making decisions about geographical issues that will affect people in the future. These include business as usual, priority towards more sustainable strategies and radical alternatives( mitigation and adaptation). The choice of objective will affect both people and the environment in very different ways ( risk, resilience and thresholds). The outcome of choices made today are uncertain for a range of reasons, including scientific, demographic, economic and political uncertainty.

SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENT 1.7 Understanding the complex trends and patterns for tectonic disasters helps explain differential impacts. a)Tectonic disaster trends since 1960( number of deaths, numbers affected, level of economic damage) in the context of overall disaster trends; research into the accuracy and reliability of the data to interpret complex trend b) Tectonic ‘ mega disasters’ can have regional or even global significance in terms of economic and human impacts ( The 2004 Asian Tsunami, 2010 Eyafjallajokull Icelandic eruption( global independence) and the 2011 Japanese Tsunami( energy policy)

Today’s lesson objectives: To understand that different types of hazards and disasters exist To analyse disaster trends using graphs since 1960 To realise that disaster trend data may be inaccurate and unreliable To understand that tectonic ‘ mega disasters’ can have regional or global significance in terms of economic and human impacts.

WHITEBOARD /PAIRED WORK Can seismic and volcanic processes ever truly be prevented? The risks from tectonic hazards seem to be increasing for many people- whom in particular? Do you think this increased risk in hazard vulnerability is mostly due to HUMAN or PHYSICAL factors? Why ?

Whiteboard Answers… 1.Can seismic and volcanic processes ever truly be prevented? NO! Highly unlikely that they will ever be.. 2.The risks from tectonic hazards seem to be increasing for many people- whom in particular? Middle income and poorest income groups of people are the MOST vulnerable- the young and the old…. 3.Do you think this increased risk in hazard vulnerability is mostly due to HUMAN or PHYSICAL factors? HUMAN factors such as level of economic development, education etc are major contributory factors towards increasing risks in hazard vulnerability…

Tectonic Hazards are NOT the ONLY type of hazards/ disasters… Can you think of other types ?? 2 mins…..

Hazards: Meteorological Events( such as tropical storms…)

Hazards: Climatological Events ( such as drought or wild fire..)

Hazards: Hydrological Events ( such as flood, mass movement..)

*NOTE* ‘Hydrometeorological hazards’ are natural hazards caused by climate processes ( including droughts, floods, hurricanes and storms)

Hazards: Geophysical (tectonic) Events( earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n73qtEojP_Y **WATCH THIS** A hazard is a perceived natural/ geophysical event ( such as an earthquake, volcanic eruption or tsunami) that has the potential to threaten both life and property’ Whereas….. A disaster is the realisation of the hazard, when it ‘causes a significant impact on a vulnerable population.’ (Degg)