Syllable Templates

Templates Universal Template All languages have CV syllables

Templates Universal Template Maximal Template All languages have CV syllables Maximal Template The syllable with the most members possible

Templates Maximal CV V CV

Templates Maximal CV V CV Maximal CVC CVC

Templates Maximal CV V CV Maximal CVC CVC Maximal CCV CCV

Maximal Template in English?

Maximal Template in English? ‘strengths’ CCCVCCC or CCCVCCCC if [stɹɛŋkϴs] ‘sixths’ CVCCCC

Japanese Syllables Maximal Template is CVN Permissible syllables V CV

Japanese Syllables Maximal Template is CVN Permissible syllables V CV What do you do with ‘baseball’ [beɪsbal]?

Japanese Syllables Maximal Template is CVN Permissible syllables V CV CVN What do you do with ‘baseball’ [beɪsbal]? Beɪsbal CVCCVC Beisuboru CV.CV.CV.CV

Japanese Syllables Maximal Template is CVN Permissible syllables V CV CVN What do you do with ‘baseball’ [beɪsbal]? Beɪsbal CVCCVC Beisuboru CV.CV.CV.CV ‘pint’ [paɪnt] CVNC Painto CVN.CV

Tongan Syllables What does Groberg > Kolipoki tell you? Tongan has no [g, b, r] Groberg CCV.CVCC Kolipoki CV.CV.CV

Obligatory Onset Parameter Some languages allow syllables to not have onset V VC VCC Others require an onset CV CCV CVC ***V ***VC

How do you syllabify This works in most languages Maximize the onset Put all possible consonants in onset

How do you syllabify This works in most languages Maximize the onset Put all possible consonants in onset What is possible? What is allowed word initially

How do you syllabify Example ‘monster’ [manstɚ] This works in most languages Maximize the onset Put all possible consonants in onset What is possible? What is allowed word initially Example ‘monster’ [manstɚ]

How do you syllabify Example ‘monster’ [manstɚ] This works in most languages Maximize the onset Put all possible consonants in onset What is possible? What is allowed word initially Example ‘monster’ [manstɚ] Maximize onset [ma.nstɚ]

How do you syllabify Example ‘monster’ [manstɚ] This works in most languages Maximize the onset Put all possible consonants in onset What is possible? What is allowed word initially Example ‘monster’ [manstɚ] Maximize onset [ma.nstɚ] [nst] not permissible so [man.stɚ]

How do you syllabify Example ‘obstruct’

How do you syllabify Example ‘obstruct’ Maximize onset o.bstruct

How do you syllabify Example ‘obstruct’ Maximize onset o.bstruct [bstr] not permissible so ob.struct

How do you syllabify Example ‘obstruct’ Maximize onset o.bstruct [bstr] not permissible so ob.struct Why not obs.truct? [tr] is legal onset [tr] doesn’t maximize onset [str] does

How do you syllabify Example ‘lollypop’

How do you syllabify Example ‘unstable’

How do you syllabify Example ‘Pepsi’

How do you syllabify Example ‘Rhythmic’

Spanish Words never begin with ***sp- ***sk-

Spanish Words never begin with ***sp- ***sk- ***st-

Spanish Words never begin with How do you syllabify [inskrißo]? ***sp- ***st- How do you syllabify [inskrißo]?

Spanish Words never begin with How do you syllabify [inskrißo]? ***sp- ***st- How do you syllabify [inskrißo]? Maximize onset [i.nskrißo] Possible word initial clusters [ins.krißo] [in.skrißo] violates possible word initial cluster [sk-]

Sharanahua What are all the possible syllables?

Sharanahua What are all the possible syllables? V, CV, CCV, CCVC, CVV

Sharanahua What are all the possible syllables? What are [ts] and [ʧ]? V, CV, CCV, CCVC, CVV What are [ts] and [ʧ]? How would it affect possible syllables?

Sharanahua What are all the possible syllables? What are [ts] and [ʧ]? V, CV, CCV, CCVC, CVV What are [ts] and [ʧ]? How would it affect possible syllables?

Sharanahua What are all the possible syllables? What are [ts] and [ʧ]? V, CV, CCV, CCVC, CVV What are [ts] and [ʧ]? How would it affect possible syllables? Is there and obligatory onset?

English Is there an obligatory onset in English?

English Is there an obligatory onset in English? V- words like ‘about’ have initial glottal stop

Quichua What is the maximal template?

Quichua What is the maximal template? CVC (V, CV, VC, CVC attested)

Quichua What is the maximal template? Is there an obligatory onset? CVC (V, CV, VC, CVC attested) Is there an obligatory onset?

Quichua What is the maximal template? Is there an obligatory onset? CVC (V, CV, VC, CVC attested) Is there an obligatory onset? Discounting word initial, yes

Syllabification What is the effect of morpheme boundary Question: What factors influence where syllables are divided? What is the effect of morpheme boundary rent+ing, out+age (vs. pontoon, attack) types of boundaries compound: playmate transparent: prewar opaque: zealous (vs. zeal, pronunciation difference)

Syllabification What is the effect of morpheme boundary Question: What factors influence where syllables are divided? What is the effect of morpheme boundary blink+ing, out+age (vs. monkey, attack) What is the effect of written geminates? rabbit versus habit

Syllabification What is the effect of consonant legality? Question: What factors influence where syllables are divided? What is the effect of consonant legality? No word ends in -pr, so a syllable can't either? approve > *appr.ove, a.pprove

Syllabification What is the effect of consonant legality? Question: What factors influence where syllables are divided? What is the effect of consonant legality? No word ends in -pr, so a syllable can't either? approve > *appr.ove, a.pprove Effect of vowel legality Words don't end in lax vowels, how about syllables? lax: finish > *fi.nish, fin.ish tense: phoenix > phoe.nix or phoen.ix

Syllabification slash insertion How do you test it? is habit ha / bit or hab / it?

Syllabification slash insertion How do you test it? slash insertion is habit ha / bit or hab / it? Problem: spelling doesn't reflect pronunciation castle, cupboard

Syllabification slash insertion How do you test it? slash insertion is habit ha / bit or hab / it? Problem: spelling doesn't reflect pronunciation castle, cupboard

Syllabification victim VI / KTUHM VIK / TUHM VIKT / UHM Solution: show quasi-phonetic representation: victim VI / KTUHM VIK / TUHM VIKT / UHM

Syllabification 4990 words Online experiment How many words can people do?

Syllabification 4990 words Online experiment How many words can people do? What about other dialects of English?

Syllabification 4990 words Online experiment How many words can people do? What about other dialects of English? What about non-native speakers?

Syllabification 4990 words Online experiment How many words can people do? What about other dialects of English? What about non-native speakers? Could people sabotage the experiment?

What influences .C (vs. C.) syllabification? Logodds # % Obstruent (attack) 1.12 37389 80 Nasal (anode) 0.35 7122 70 Lateral (alloy) -0.03 5582 67 Rhotic (arrow) -1.45 5087 43 Legality of first vowel Legal (follow) 0.60 30572 82 Illegal (fallow) -0.60 24608 64

What influences .C (vs. C.) syllabification? Type of morphological boundary by boundary placement Compound boundary before consonant 1.88 935 94 (play+mate) Transparent boundary before consonant 1.32 1949 95 (pre+war) Opaque boundary before consonant 0.84 135 90 (zeal+ous) Morphologically simple 0.05 43024 75 (aloof) Opaque boundary after consonant -0.30 1355 69 (foot+age) Transparent boundary after consonant -0.77 7111 63 (fill+ing) Compound boundary after consonant -3.03 671 26 (with+out)

What influences .C (vs. C.) syllabification? Stress Final (attach) 0.51 12314 87 Initial (attic) -0.51 42866 70