Revolution Begins Ch. 9 Texas History

Colonel Ugartechea Mexican commander at San Antonio in 1835.

GONZALES Ugartechea ordered the citizens to surrender their small brass cannon.

Come and Take It! Gonzales citizens buried cannon in a peach orchard Texan forces dug up the cannon and decorated it with a white flag that declared, “Come and Take It.”

“Lexington of Texas” Battle of Gonzales, Oct. 2, 1835 Mexican soldiers retreated to San Antonio

Mexican Army in Texas General Cos brings more Mexican soldiers to San Antonio Cos planned to arrest all Texan leaders

“Outbreak of War” Colonel Cos: actions of Gonzales was “outbreak of war.”

Settlers Respond After Cos arrived in San Antonio, the Texan settlers formed Committees of Correspondence

GOLIAD 1 week later, Texans took Mexican garrison at Goliad Only large remaining Mexican force was at San Antonio, commanded by Cos. “On to San Antonio!”

Gonzales and Goliad After winning the two battles, Texans thought Mexican army could be defeated

Army of the People Stephen F. Austin took control of Texan volunteer forces Troops marched toward San Antonio

Siege of San Antonio Texans set up a blockade They did not attack: had no heavy artillery Hoped Cos would surrender

Siege becomes Battle Battle became known as Siege of Bexar Led by Ben Milam

Ben Milam Ben Milam wanted victory to encourage independence Killed in battle

Victory at Bexar Mexicans driven to abandoned mission, the Alamo Cos surrenders and was allowed to return to Mexico

Victory at Bexar Texans thought the war was now over and returned to their homes

The Grass Fight Mexican cavalry and mule train coming to San Antonio “Silver” train?

1835 Consultation Met at San Felipe in Nov. 1835 because it had a printing press

War VS Peace Party War party: Texas to declare independence from Mexico Peace party: still wanted to follow the Mexican Constitution of 1824

Peace Party Wins Loyal citizens of Mexico “Declaration of the People of Texas in General Convention Assembled” Loyal citizens of Mexico

Peace Party Plans Texas would fight: to defend themselves to oppose Santa Anna and his military dictatorship

Peace Party Plans Objected to a Texas Declaration of Independence

Texas Army Planned by Consultation Commanded by Sam Houston Volunteer army was still at San Antonio

Help from U.S. Thomas McKinney sent to obtain troops, supplies and money to finance the expected war

Provisional Government Temporary government Municipalities: locally governed areas; each had one representative

Conflict Among Leaders Governor Smith vetoed, or rejected, proposed convention General Council overrode veto; March 1836 convention planned

Conflict Among Leaders Governor Smith opposed plan to capture Matamoros General Council disagreed

Convention of 1836 Met again at Washington-on-the-Brazos Richard Ellis, chairman of convention

Convention of 1836 Wrote Declaration of Independence Wrote Constitution Set up government; interim officials

Texas Declares Independence Declaration of Independence, similar to the U.S. Declaration of Independence

Texas Independence Day March 2, 1836 Texas Independence Day

Constitution Convention wrote constitution for new government Similar to U.S. Constitution

Constitution George C. Childress wrote the constitution

Constitution Made slavery legal Free African Americans needed permission of the Congress to live in Texas

Ad Interim Government Temporary David Burnet chosen ad interim president

Ad Interim Government Sam Houston chosen commander of both volunteer and regular army

Santa Anna Threatens New republic president and cabinet fled convention Set up government at Harrisburg

Where is Houston?

Review question Who was the Mexican commander at San Antonio in 1835?

Review answer Domingo de Ugartechea commanded San Antonio in 1835.

Review Question What town hid their small cannon? Where?

Review Answer Citizens of Gonzales hid their cannon in a peach orchard.

Review Question What did the flag decorating the cannon say? Who won?

Review Answer “Come and Take It” Texans won, convincing many that Mexican troops could be defeated.

Review Question What is the Battle of Gonzales called? To what abandoned mission did the Mexican troops retreat?

Review Answer Battle of Gonzales was called the Lexington of Texas. Mexican troops retreated to the Alamo.

Review Question Who brought more Mexican troops to San Antonio? What did he say the actions of Gonzales was?

Review Answer General Cos brought more Mexican troops to San Antonio? He said that actions at Gonzales were outbreak of war.

Review Question What did the Texans think after winning the two battles?

Review Answer They thought that the Mexican troops could be defeated.

Review Question Who took control of Texan volunteer forces? What was this force called?

Review Answer Stephen F. Austin took control of Texan volunteer forces, called the Army of the People.

Review Question Why did the Texans take siege of Cos’ troops at San Antonio, rather than fight?

Review Answer The Texans had no heavy artillery, so they did not fight.

Review Question Who led the battle at San Antonio? What was the battle called?

Review Answer Ben Milam led one column at the battle, known as the Siege of Bexar.

Review Question What was the battle between Mexican mule handlers and Texas troops called?

Review Question The Grass Fight

Review Question Where did the 1835 Consultation meet? Which party won?

Review Answer 1835 Consultation met at San Felipe. The Peace Party won.

Review Question What did the “Declaration of the People of Texas in General Convention Assembled” proclaim?

Review Answer It stated that Texans were loyal citizens of Mexico.

Review Question What did the Peace party reject?

Review Answer Peace Party did not want a declaration of independence from Mexico

Review Question Who commanded the Texas Army and was later put in charge of both the regular and volunteer army?

Review Answer Sam Houston commanded the Texas Army.

Review Question Who was sent by the Permanent Council to the U.S. to raise $100,000 to finance the expected war?

Review Question Thomas McKinney was sent to the U.S. to raise $100,000.

Review Question What is a provisional government? What are locally governed areas? How many representatives did each have?

Review Answer A provisional government is temporary. Municipalities are locally governed areas. Each had one representative.

Review Question What battle did Governor Smith oppose? Did the General Council agree?

Review Answer Governor Smith opposed expedition to capture Matamoras The General Council disagreed.

Review Question Where did the 1836 Convention meet? Who was the chairman of convention? What happened?

Review Answer Convention met at Washington-on-the-Brazos Richard Ellis was chairman of convention. Texas proclaimed independence.

Review Question What did the Texans write at the Convention of 1836? What document was it similar to?

Review Question At the Convention, Texans wrote a Constitution similar to the United States’ Constitution.

Review Question What did the Texas Constitution say about slavery? Who gave free African Americans permission to live in Texas?

Review Answer Texas Constitution legalized slavery. Congress could give free African Americans permission to live in Texas.

Review Question When is Texas Independence Day celebrated?

Review Answer Texas Independence Day is celebrated on March 2.

Review Question Who was chosen ad interim president at the Convention of 1836?

Review Answer David G. Burnet was chosen ad interim president at the Convention of 1836.

Review Question As Santa Anna approached Washington-on-the Brazos, where did the convention leaders flee?

Review Answer Fleeing Santa Anna, Burnett and the Council set up government in Harrisburg.

What’s next? Ch. 10 War for Texas Independence The Alamo The Battle of San Jacinto Republic of Texas