Conditioning: ways in which we learn based upon an association between two events by repeated exposure Classic and Operant.

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Conditioning: ways in which we learn based upon an association between two events by repeated exposure Classic and Operant

Classical Conditioning vs Operant Conditioning a method of conditioning in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a learned, neutral stimulus Pavlov’s Dogs conditioning that results from actions and the consequences of those actions

Classical Conditioning 3.01 Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) – Trigger that is already there event that naturally triggers a response Unconditioned response (UCR)- Response that is already there unlearned response to event Neutral Stimulus (NS) – New item or thing that is triggering the original response. The object with which the experimenter is trying to get a response. (The bell in Pavlov’s experiment.) Conditioned stimulus (CS) – Item or situation that is taught to trigger a response. neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus Conditioned response (CR)- Learned response response to event brought about by learning/association

Stimulus generalization A response can spread to other stimuli that look similar Baby Albert Experiment that allowed a baby to take a response to one item and place it on other similar items

Operant Conditioning 3.02 What is motivating you?

Operant Conditioning: Learned behaviors Edward Thorndike Law of Effect Behaviors are learned. The more quickly a response is given the quicker the behavior is learned. Skinner box

Classical vs. Operant Conditioning Classical conditioning- automatic response associated with a neutral stimulus. Operant conditioning- the person or animal be actively engaged and respond.

Operant Conditioning and Reinforcement Positive Reinforcement Providing an incentive to repeat a positive behavior Reward= encourage repetition of positive behavior Negative Reinforcement Goal to encourage positive behavior Encourage behavior by taking AWAY something that is negative Primary Reinforcement Reinforcing with things that are necessary to survive – food, water etc…

Punishment is NOT reinforcement Can change a person’s behavior Difference from Reinforcement Punishment eliminates a “bad” behavior, or weaken a response Reinforcement gives incentive for a “good” behavior.

Conditioning terms and how long it will last: Generalization—The tendency for similar stimuli to elicit similar responses (after the response has been conditioned) Discrimination—The ability to tell the difference between two like events or objects (the reverse of generalization) Extinction —When a response is no longer followed by reinforcement, the person or animal will lose the association between the two Shaping—Successive reinforcement that gradually and successively reinforces a desired outcome Chaining—Reinforcement by connecting different parts of the sequence