Electron Configurations and Orbital Notation Diagrams Helps predict chemical and physical properties of an atom

Orbital – region of space within an atom in which there is a high probability (90% chance) of finding an electron s orbital – 1 per level p orbitals – set of 3 per level d orbitals – set of 5 per level Recall each orbital can hold up to 2 electrons.

Atomic Orbital Chart – possible e- orbitals in atom

Atomic Orbital Chart Link to orbitals High Energy Level = Bigger Orbital (on average e- are farther from nucleus, but still can only hold 2 e-) Can hold max 2e- Can hold max 2e- Can hold max 2e- Link to orbitals

Electron Configuration and Orbital Notation Diagrams Hydrogen, Element #1 1s1 # of e- in sublevel Energy level Orbital type ORBITAL NOTATION: ELECTRON ORBITAL

Orbital Notation: Represent orbitals as OR OR Represent electrons as or

General Rules Aufbau Principle Electron Config generator Electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first. Each orbital can hold TWO electrons with opposite spins.

General Rules WRONG RIGHT Hund’s Rule Within a sublevel containing more than orbital (p,d or f), place one e- per orbital before pairing them. “Empty Bus Seat Rule” WRONG RIGHT

Capacities of Different Sublevels

s1 s2 p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 S sublevel can hold up to 2 e- p sublevel can hold up to 6 e- p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6

d sublevel can hold up to 10 e-

d3 d4 d5 d6

d7 d8 d9 d10

Electron orbitals being filled and location on the Periodic table Why is the s block 2 elements wide? Why is the p block 6 elements wide? Why is the d block 10 elements wide? s p d (n-1)

Looking for patterns – fill in column 2 and row 3

Looking for patterns – fill in column and row 3

Electron Configurations and Periodic Table What do you notice that is different about the numbering for d sublevels? (Both the line # and the e- count #’s)

Electron Configurations and Periodic Table

Using the Periodic Table to Determine the electron configuration Link to tutorial What is the electron configuration of Boron, element #5?

Write the electron configuration and orbital notation diagram for Oxygen, Element #8 1s2 2s2 2p4 Link animation

Write the electron configuration and orbital notation diagram for Oxygen, Element #8 Link animation 1s2 2s2 2p4 1s 2s 2p

Orbital Notation: Represent orbitals as OR OR Represent electrons as or

HW 8-6, p. 1s 2s H, #1 : He, #2: Li, #3: Be, #4:

Practice: 1s H, #1 : 1s1

Practice: 1s H, #1 : 1s1 He, #2: 1s2

Practice: 1s 2s H, #1 : 1s1 He, #2: 1s2 Li, #3: 1s2 2s1

Practice: 1s 2s H, #1 : 1s1 He, #2: 1s2 Li, #3: 1s22s1 Be, #4: 1s22s2

Practice: 1s 2s 2p B, #5 : C, #6: N, #7: O, #8:

Practice: 1s 2s 2p B, #5 : 1s2 2s2 2p1

Practice: 1s 2s 2p C, #6 : 1s2 2s2 2p2

Practice: 1s 2s 2p B, #5 : 1s22s22p1 C, #6: 1s22s22p2 N, #7: 1s22s22p3

Practice: 1s 2s 2p B, #5 : 1s22s22p1 C, #6: 1s22s22p2 N, #7: 1s22s22p3 O, #8: 1s22s22p4

HW 8-6 Al, #13 : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1

HW 8-6 Si, #14 : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2

HW 8-6 P, #15 : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3

HW 8-6 S , #16 : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4

HW 8-6 Cl, #17 : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

HW 8-6 Ar, #18 : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

Quantum Warmup #2: Write the electron configuration and orbital notation diagrams for the following elements Mg, #12 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

Quantum Warmup #2: Write the electron configuration and orbital notation diagrams for the following elements Ti, #22 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2

B, #5: [He]2s22p1 Mg, #12: [Ne]3s2 K, #19: [Ar]4s1 Sr, #38: [Kr]5s2 Core notation: What is the pattern? Check the periodic table. What elements are present in the core notation? What is special about these elements? B, #5: [He]2s22p1 Mg, #12: [Ne]3s2 K, #19: [Ar]4s1 Sr, #38: [Kr]5s2

The “Core Element” core abbreviations always comes from the nobel gas family – completely filled valence electron levels.

Core abbreviation notation Core electrons – Inner level electrons; these levels are completely filled Valence e- nucleus Core (inner e-) Valence electrons – outer level electrons; these levels are in the process of being filled. Importance of Valence Electron Configuration: Determines chemical behavior Core abbreviation focuses attention of electrons important for chemical bonding

CORE ABBREVIATION Notation Longhand Configuration Na 11e- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 Core Electrons Valence Electrons Core Abbreviation Notation Na 11e- [Ne] 3s1 3s Video link

Using Periodic table to write core abbreviation Shorthand Configuration Core e-: Go to the end of the row Noble Gas and go up to previous row Noble gas. Valence e-: On the next row, fill in the # of e- in each sublevel. Orbital Notation Diagrams for valence electrons only

What is the core for a period (row) 3 element such Al?

What is the core abbreviation notation for Al, #13 [Ne] 3s2 3p1

What is the core for a period (row) 4 element such as V, element #23?

What is the core for a period (row) 5 element such as Sn, element #50?

HW 8-7 Key Link