Wave Mechanics Model (Quantum Mechanics)
Principle Energy Levels PEL Still exist just like Bohr described n=1,2,3,4,5, etc……….. Lowest energy n=1 closest to the nucleus
PEL are divided into sublevels s,p,d,f PEL n=1 1sublevel PEL n=2 2 sublevels PEL n=3 3 sublevels Get the idea
Sublevels have Orbitals Orbital: most probable area of finding an electron 3D shape can hold 2 electrons
S orbital…there is only 1
The 1st PEL has 1 sublevel , it is an S (sphere) 1 orbital 2 electrons
P orbitals…..there are 3
3 P Orbitals Combined
Individual and Combined P orbitals
The second energy level has… 2 Sublevels s and p S has 1 orbital, p has 3 orbitals That’s 4 orbital 2 electrons in each orbital means….. 8 electrons
Second Energy level Orbitals……
The first and second energy level…
Valence electrons…. are the LAST s and p orbits therefore… 8 valence electron in virtually all elements Except H, He, Pd (don’t ask)
D orbitals (there are 5)
F orbitals (there are 7)
All of the orbitals……….
So………….