Essential Concepts in Harnessing the Immune System in Head and Neck Cancer
1899: Coley’s Toxin
2016: PD-1 Inhibition
2016: PD-1 Inhibition
Overview
Tumor Immunology Cycle
The Yin and Yang of Immune Escape
Cancer Is Highly Immunosuppressive
T Cells Killing a Tumor Cell
Inflamed Phenotype in HNC TILs
Inflamed/Mesenchymal Intrinsic HNC Subtype
Clinical Activity
Recurrent and/or Metastatic HNC
Some of the PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 Targeting Agents in Development
KEYNOTE-055: Phase 2 Trial of Pembrolizumab After Progression
KEYNOTE-055: ORR
EXTREME vs Immunotherapy The Tail at the End of the Curve
Tumor Shrinkage
Case Study
Case Study (cont)
CheckMate 141: Phase 3 Trial of Nivolumab After Progression
CheckMate 141: OS
How Do We Select Patients? Biomarkers
PD-L1 Expression in Head and Neck Cancer
CheckMate 141: OS by Tumor PD-L1 Expression
Association of IFN-γ Signature and PFS
PFS and OS by IFN-γ 6-Gene Signature Score
CheckMate 141: OS by p16 Status
Adverse Effect Management
KEYNOTE-055: TRAEs With Pembrolizumab
Overview of irAEs
The Future: Immunotherapy Combinations
Combination Therapy
Immunotherapy in the First-Line Setting
Immunotherapy in the First-Line Setting (cont)
Immunotherapy in the First-Line Setting (cont)
Making Tumors Inflamed: T-VEC
Changing the Immunosuppressive ME: IDO
Ongoing and Future Clinical Concepts
Take-Home Messages
Abbreviations
Abbreviations (cont)
Abbreviations (cont)
Abbreviations (cont)