Age of Jackson Day 2 King Andrew American History I SRMHS Mr. Hensley

Review: Tariff of Abominations In 1828, Congress passed a protective tariff designed to help Northern industry It almost doubled the prices of British goods Reduced British demand for Southern cotton Rift between Calhoun and Jackson – Calhoun resigns in 1832

Nullification Doctrine Many state politicians were resentful of the increasing power of the federal government Calhoun believed states could nullify (ignore) federal laws they disagreed with SC passes Nullification Ordinance to ignore Tariff (1832)

Nullification Crisis SC calls up militia; prepares for secession Jackson gets permission from Congress to enforce the Tariff in SC (Force Bill passed in early 1833) Jackson: “John Calhoun, if you secede from my nation I will secede your head from the rest of your body!”

Compromise and Aftermath Senators (Clay, Webster) are working on a Compromise Tariff This passes in 1833 SC stands down and repeals Nullification Ordinance – crisis over! Nullifiers and states rights supporters start organizing opposition party

Pressures on Five Civilized Tribes U.S. population nearly doubles between 1800 and 1840 People move further westward, seeking land Five Civilized Tribes are assimilating – but not fast enough 1820’s: North Georgia and WNC Gold Rush

1830: The Indian Removal Act Jackson wants to resolve crisis by moving the Natives further west (to what is now OK) Congress gives him the authority to trade western lands for current tribal territory Today, we call this ethnic cleansing

Trail of Tears Tribal leaders made deals that their people did not vote on (or agree with) One Cherokee faction signs away all their lands for cash and land in West Tribespeople that did not agree are forced to leave homes and march west 4,000 Cherokee die of illness/exposure on trip

The Bank Wars Jackson and the Democrats oppose the National Bank – why? Bank helps the wealthy Bank under the control of someone (Biddle) who hates Jackson Farmers versus former Federalists

The Pet Banks Jackson vetoes the Second Bank recharter (but old charter good until 1836) Pulls all U.S. deposits out (1833) and deposits them with state banks controlled by his friends and supporters They become known as “Pet Banks”

The Fragility of Banking Banks keep only about 10% (or less) of their deposits as reserves Bank “runs” put banks out of business If a bank goes bankrupt, all the money issued by that bank becomes worthless Before the bank goes under, it will “call in” its loans

The Specie Circular and Panic “Soft” money versus “hard” money Inflation going up because of all the soft (paper) money In 1836, Jackson requires that all federal lands be paid for with hard money (gold or silver only) Deflation, unemployment and recession

Meet Martin Van Buren Jackson’s VP and Secretary of State From New York Jackson’s close friend and advisor The Heir Apparent to Jackson in 1836 Follows Jackson’s example of grassroots campaigning

The Election of 1836 Whig strategy: run 4 different regional candidates (Harrison in West, Webster in North, etc.) in the hopes of denying Van Buren a majority This would throw election to House Van Buren wins

Jackson’s Legacy First President that wasn’t a member of the educated, wealthy elites (“The Common Man”) Spoils system and use of veto increased the power of the Presidency His Bank Wars wrecked the economy Trail of Tears