Biological Molecules.

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Presentation transcript:

Biological Molecules

Macromolecule: Monomer: Polymer: very large organic molecules containing many different elements e.g. lipids = fatty acids + glycerol Monomer: small building blocks which are identical or very similar e.g. nucleotides, glucose, amino acids Polymer: monomers joined together e.g. DNA, starch, proteins

Organic Macromolecules The main organic macromolecules to be studied are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. They all contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Polymers form by condensation reactions Individual monomers join by condensation reactions to form polymers, releasing water. The hydroxide groups (OH) from two monomers react. Hydrogen (H) from one and hydroxide (OH) from the other are released as water. The monomers then join by the remaining oxygen atom (O)

HO OH HO OH H2O HO O OH HYDROLYSIS CONDENSATION Broken down with the monomer HO OH monomer H2O HYDROLYSIS Broken down with the addition of a water molecule CONDENSATION linked with the removal of a water molecule HO O OH

Condensation reactions occur in the formation of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, where the OH group may be part of other larger groups.