Macromolecules Vocabulary Prefixes: 1. mono- means “one” 2. di- means “two” 3. pol-y means “more than two” or “many” What is the difference between mono-, di-, and poly-?

Macromolecules There are 4 major kinds of macromolecules: Carbohydrates -Also known as polysaccharides (means “many sugars”) which is made up of monosaccharides -Saccharides = sugar -Mainly used to provide energy for living things Ex: glucose (a monosaccharide) -Often rings, or chains of rings What do you think a mono-saccharide is?

Macromolecules -carbohydrates are found in many different places 1. starch: energy for plants 2. glycogen: energy for animals 3. cellulose: structure for plants 4. chitin: structure for fungi and arthropods How are carbo-hydrates used in different organisms?

Macromolecules Lipids -Also known as fats and cholesterol How might plants use lipids? Lipids -Also known as fats and cholesterol -Used as protection and as a chemical message (like steroids and hormones) -Made up of a base and fatty acid chains -mostly long chains of carbon and hydrogen

Macromolecules Nucleic Acids -Many types: DNA, RNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA Is it possible for a living thing to exist without DNA? Nucleic Acids -Many types: DNA, RNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA -Used as the instructional manual for all cells – it tells cells what to do -Made up of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen base e.g. a nucleotide -DNA has a double helix structure

Macromolecules Proteins -Often used for chemical reactions in your body and in cells and for structure -Made of amino acids -Contain nitrogen -Found in nails and hair (keratin) and cartilage (collagen)

Monomers of Macromolecules Directions: Draw each of the monomers below and identify them as a carbohydrate, a protein, a nucleic acid or a lipid monomer.