Introduction to the Cell and Cell Theory
Important events in the discovery of the cell and the development of the cell theory…..
1665 – Robert Hooke Named them "cells”. Observed cells in cork. Cork Cells
1673- Anton van Leeuwenhoek Created a powerful microscope
1827-33 - Robert Brown -noticed that pollen grains in water jiggled around -discovered the nucleus Nucleus Human Cheek Cell
A botanist who concluded that all plants are made of cells. 1838 - Matthias Schleiden A botanist who concluded that all plants are made of cells. Typical Plant Cell
1839 - Theodor Schwann A zoologist who concluded that all animals are made of cells. Nerve Cells
1855 - Rudolph Virchow A physician who did research on cancer cells and concluded “Omnis cellula e cellula”. “All cells are from other pre-existing cells.”
The Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of one or more cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism. 3. Cells come only from existing cells.
both in size, shape, and internal organization. Cells are Diverse… both in size, shape, and internal organization.
Why Are Cells So Small? Transport- Cell volume to surface area demands a small size. Control- Nucleus to cytoplasm consideration.
Note: 1.0 mm = one millionth of a meter How small can a cell be? Mycoplasmas - bacteria that are 0.1 to 1.0 mm. (1/10 the size of regular bacteria). Note: 1.0 mm = one millionth of a meter
All cells have…… Plasma (cell) Membrane Nucleus (eukaryotes only) Cytoplasm (area inside the cell) Organelles (structures with specialized functions)
Cell Types Prokaryotes- simple cells that do not have internal membranes. Example = bacteria Eukaryotes- more complex cells that do have internal, membrane-bound structures. Examples = plants and animals
Key Differences: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Have a nucleus and other membrane bounded structures. DNA is organized into chromosomes. Prokaryotes Lack a nucleus and other membrane bounded structures. DNA is not organized into chromosomes.
Examples Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Nucleus
Eukaryotic Prokaryotic