Get out your pencil and a blank piece of paper. Cells and Life Get out your pencil and a blank piece of paper.

Understanding Cells Robert Hooke saw the openings in cork and called them cells.

Cell Theory Theodore Schwann – All animals are composed of cells. Rudolf Virchow – All cells come from cells that already exist. Matthias Schleiden – All plants are composed of cells.

The Cell Theory All living things are made up of one or more cells Cells are the basic structure and function of life All new cells come from cells that already exist.

Basic Cell Substances Review: Atoms are the smallest particles of matter. Molecules are a combination of atoms. Elements are only one type of atom. Compounds are made of different types of atoms. Macromolecules are substances that form by joining many small molecules together.

The Main Ingredient - Water The structure of a water molecule makes it ideal for dissolving many other substances. Water is the universal solvent (thing doing the dissolving) Solute – Thing being dissolved Water helps you maintain homeostasis

Daily Question IF I mix sugar with water – write down which is the solute and which is the solvent. Schleiden worked with _____________ and Schwann worked with _____________. What is one reason why water is important to you?

Macromolecules 4 major macromolecules Nucleic Acids Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates Each type has its own job and function

Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids are macromolecules formed when long chains of molecules called nucleotides are joined together. Genetic information Examples DNA – instructions for cell growth, cell reproduction RNA – makes proteins

Proteins - a macromolecule made of long chains of amino acid molecules. RNA is the blueprint for proteins Several Jobs Communication Transportation of substance Break down nutrients Form structures Examples – Enzymes (speed up chemical reactions) Hair

Lipids - large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water Jobs Protect the cell (cell membrane) Store energy (long term) Help with communication Examples – Fats Oils Waxes

Carbohydrates Sugar molecules (any number) make up carbohydrates Jobs Supply energy storage (short term) Supply energy for cell processes Provide structural support Communication Examples Sugars Starches Cellulose