Periodic Table Objectives 5.4 Locate metals, nonmetals and metalloids in the periodic table. 5.5 Locate the family of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens and inert gases in the periodic table. 5.6 Describe the progression of certain properties of elements in a given period on the basis of their atomic number. 5.8 Justify the classification of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens and inert gases in the periodic table on the basis of the simplified atomic model currently in use.

Metals, Non-metals and Metalloids Elements have characteristic properties that allow them to be classified into three groups. Metals 1 2 3 Non-metals Metalloids

Properties of METALS Lustre (shiny) Conduct heat and electricity Ductile Malleable (bendable) Dense Most are solid at room temperature Release gas when placed in acid

Properties of NON-METALS Dull (not shiny) Poor or non-conductors Non-ductile Non-malleable (doesn’t bend) Low densities Will not react with acids Can be gases, liquids or solids

Properties of METALLOIDS Metalloids are known as the “in between” group. They have some properties of both metals and non-metals. There are only 10 of these. EX Si (Silicon) is shiny but is not malleable or ductile

Metals, Non-metals and Metalloids Metals are found to the left of the step line on the periodic table. Non-metals are to the right of this line. Hydrogen is not a metal Metalloids cluster right around this line.

EXAMPLE # 1 Cl Al As Mg Ca H Non-metal Metalloid Metal (CLICK FOR ANSWER) State whether these are metals, non-metals or metalloids. (use your periodic table as a guide) Cl Al As Mg Ca H Non-metal Metalloid Metal

EXAMPLE # 2 Metal Metalloid Metalloid Non-metal (CLICK FOR ANSWER) State whether each of these is a metals non-metal or metalloid Metal Shiny and ductile ______________________ 2. Malleable and non conductor _____________ 3. Reacts with an acid and non ductile _________ 4. Non malleable and dull _________________ Metalloid Metalloid Non-metal

Metal Non-metal Metalloid Non-metal Metalloid 5. Releases a gas when placed in an acid ______________________ 6. Will not react with an acid _________________ 7. Ductile and non conductor _________________ 8. Low density _________________ 9. Non malleable and ductile _________________ Metal Non-metal Metalloid Non-metal Metalloid

PERIODIC TABLE Elements on the periodic table are organized according to their similar properties. Columns (going down on the periodic table) are called groups or families Rows (going across of the periodic table are called periods. Rows

Groups (Families) (Columns) Next slide will show you a visual! Groups (Families) (Columns) There are 4 groups (families) that this course is concerned with. 1st column is called alkali metals (Group IA) 2nd column is called alkaline earth metals (Group IIA) 7th column is called halogens (Group VIIA) The last or 8th column is called the inert or noble gases (Group VIIIA)

Please mark these onto your own periodic table VIIIA – Inert or Noble Gases IA – Alkali Metals IIA – Alkaline Earth Metals VII- Halogens

Properties of Alkali Metals Properties of Alkaline Earth Metals Soft, light metals that melt at low temperatures High degree of reactivity, especially with water Properties of Alkaline Earth Metals Grey solids Hard Reactive

Properties of Halogens Properties of Inert (Noble) Gases Corrosive and toxic Very reactive and colored Often form compounds with other elements Properties of Inert (Noble) Gases No chemical reactivity Colorless Do not form compounds with other elements

EXAMPLE # 3 Alkaline Earth Metal Halogen Alkali Metal Inert Gas (CLICK FOR ANSWER) State which FAMILY the following substances belong to by reading its description: Alkaline Earth Metal Very Hard ______________________ 2. Very reactive and corrosive _____________ 3. Soft light metal ___________________ 4. Non reactive with other elements _________________ Halogen Alkali Metal Inert Gas

Families and Periods RECALL Families Periods The period # and the family # gives you very important information. - Tells you how many energy shells an element has - Tells you the number of electrons in the outer shell (valence electrons) Period # Family #

Li Mg Ex # 1 Ex # 2 WHAT ARE ENERGY SHELLS? Lithium Magnesium 7 3 24 WHAT ARE VALENCE ELECTRONS? Valence electrons are the number of electrons in the outer most shell of an element. Ex # 1 Ex # 2 WHAT ARE ENERGY SHELLS? Lithium Magnesium Li 7 3 Mg 24 12 2 valence electrons 1 valence electron 12 P+ 2 e- 3 P+ 1 e- 12 N0 4 N0 8 e- 2 e- 2 e-

Ex # 3 3. Sn 1. Na 2. Br Recall: 7th family so…. 7 valence electron Families - # of valence Periods - # of shells Ex # 3 How many valence electrons and shells does the following element have? 7th family so…. 7 valence electron 4th period so…. 4 energy shells 1st family so…. 1 valence electron 3rd period so…. 3 energy shells 4th family so…. 4 valence electron 5th period so…. 5 energy shells 3. Sn 1. Na 2. Br

How many energy shells and valence electrons do the following elements have? (Click For Answer) Ex # 4 Element Valence Electron Energy Shells Ca 2 4 N 5 Rb 1 Te 6 F 7

WHICH ELEMENT….. Ga He Kr K Is non-reactive and has 2 valence electrons Has 3 valence electrons and 4 energy shells? Ga He Has 4 energy shells and is very reactive with water? Is a colorless gas and has 4 energy levels? Kr K

Key Points to Remember Note the difference of the properties of metals, non-metals and metalloids. Be able to find metals, nonmetals and metalloids on your periodic table Know the Families and names of the first two and last two columns. Group IA – Alkali Metals Group IIA – Alkaline Earth Metals Group VIIA – Halogens Group VIIIA – Inert or Noble Gases

Key Points to Remember Valence Electrons are found in the outermost shell. The maximum number is 8. You must be able to tell how many valence electrons each Family on the Periodic Table has. Remember: Families – tells you # of valence electrons Periods – tells you # of energy shells

Activities WORKSHEET # 10